ISSUES, ETHICS IN COUNSELING

AND PSYCHOLOGY (ABD8013)

IDENTITY AND STUDY IN DEPTH A
MINORITY CULTURE AND ITS
ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS IN
COUNSELING
(JAVANESE CULTURE IN MALAYSIA)
Prepared by:
NORAINI BINTI ABU NOH (3130193)
FARAH WAHIDA BINTI AHMAD FARIDUN
(3130192)
SHARULIZAM BIN AMAT (3130190)

WHO ARE THE ORANG JAWA OR JAVA ?

The Orang Jawa or

('people of Java', also

known as 'Javanese')
Migrated from Central

Java, Indonesia, to
Malaysia from 1880 to
1930.
They migrated to seek a

new life away from the

Dutch colonists who ruled
Indonesia at that time.
Today the Orang Java

lives throughout
Peninsular Malaysia in
parts of Perak, Selangor,
Malacca and Johor

There are also

isolated communities
in coastal areas of
Sabah.
Some Java has even

gained influential
positions in society.
The Java language is

being spoken less

and less among
today's younger
Orang Java.

JAVANESE POPULATION IN MALAYSIA

WHAT ARE THEIR LIVES LIKE ?

Recent generations of Orang Java who

live in cities have assimilated with the

general Malay culture.
In the past their parents were farmers,

construction workers and timber

workers.
Now they also work as bankers, pilots,

engineers, accountants, and politicians.

They are known to be efficient and
industrious.
Some Orang Java in Selangor work as

Islamic religious teachers. In some

villages, the Orang Java maintains their
identity and traditions.
People from other Malay people groups

who marry into an Orang Java family

sometimes call themselves Orang Java,
or Jawa Peranakan.

WHAT DO THEY BELIEVE ?

The Orang Java is

predominantly Sunni
Muslims.
During weddings and

circumcision rituals they

perform the Jedur (songs of
praise to the prophet
Mohammed) which is
compiled in a book called
Silawatan.
They also perform the

Kempling (a type of dance

giving praise to Allah)
during religious occasions.
During the performance,
they use a tool made from
lamb's wool and wood.

The Qur'an is read before

and after the dance, and

it takes a group of
between ten to twenty
people to perform it.
The Kempling

performance is an
opportunity for the Orang
Java to get together to
build ethnic solidarity and
unity. It is also a time for
discussing the challenges
faced by the villages.

WHAT ARE THEIR NEEDS ?

The Orang Java has a

strong Islamic
background. Pray that
communication bridges
into their culture could
be used to meet the
spiritual needs.
Pray that the lives of
committed believers
will be a positive
influence and could
bring about good
relationships with
Orang Java people.

MALAYSIA JAVANESE COMMUNITY

Many people think Java is

same at all matter where

they are, despite the fact that
this group is divided into
several small ethnic groups
that led to their native land in
Indonesia.
However, did you know about

the existence of society

Ponorogo in Malaysia?

Briefly, the largest

community of Java Ponorogo
is concentrated in the area of
Sri Medan, Batu Pahat and
Johor among the busiest in
the area.

In fact, they also remain the

only society that rigid way

of life and culture continue
Javanese brought from
Indonesia.
Java Ponorogo came from

an area that Ponorogo, East

Java and their entry to
around Batu Pahat and
partly in Selangor occurs at
the beginning of 1920 to
strengthen their economies
because of the difficulty of
building the perfect life in
the land of origin in
Indonesia.

JAVANESE TRADITION
TINGKEPANG @ MITONI
(MELENGGANG PERUT)
One of Javas traditional rites which still exist is

tingkepan or mitoni, for the safe passage of a

womans first seventh-month pregnancy.
The Javanese believe that a seven-month-old infant
has got a soul, whose security should be
celebrated.
And the first child is said to bring good luck to the
family and other siblings.

BURIED THE URI (MENANAM URI)

After a baby is born, the midwife will wash and

clean the umbilical cord with a mixture of acid

and a little salt.
Baby girls uri will be planted with eyeliner,
pencils, and needles. They hoped that the
children would grow up someday become a
beautiful, brilliant and clever tailoring lessons.
While baby boys uri was planted with pencils,
pins and needles by hope that when they
growing up soon, they will become a clever and
strong.

CUKUR JAMBUL CEREMONY

IMPORTANT ELEMENT IN CUKUR

JAMBUL

CIRCUMCISION (BERKHATAN)
For a boy, khitan, or circumcision, is an

important transition toward adulthood.

The ritual usually held when the boy is 612 year old. Following the circumcision it
is customary to sacrifice a goat, hold a
slametan and wayang kulit (shadow
puppet) performance.

JAVANESE WEDDING CEREMONY

It is a norm in most rural community, as they say, the

"kampungan" people of with javanese culture.

The preparation starts as early from months ahead.
Responsibilities are being divided equally between family

members and the neighbors.

KAMPUNGAN

JAVANESE CULTURE, ARTS AND

COMMUNITY CELEBRATIONS
ART AND PERFORMENCES
Wayang Kulit and
Barongan

KUDA KEPANG DANCE (KUDA

LUMPUNG)

MUZIKAL
INSTRUMEN GAMELAN

TRADITIONAL CUISINE
Some popular

Javanese cuisine in
Makaysia are tempe,
melinjau crackers,
Nasi Ambeng,
sambal lada hiris,
sambal jawa, pecel,
lepat, telur pindang
and masak kicap.

JAVANESE TRADITIONAL
CUSTOME

JAVANESE
BATIK SARONG

THE KRIS OR KERIS

ETHICAL ISSUES IN
COUNSELING
INVOLVING JAVANESE IN
MALAYSIA

1. DIFFERENCE IN GENDER
ROLES
Boys are not encouraged to show emotions

while girls are prohibited to act aggressively

Issues that might arise:
Counseling that focus on emotions may be
uncomfortable for Javanese men .
How counselor can respond:
If client shows discomfort, just say You look
uncomfortable or this situation would make
you uncomfortable.

2. HIERARCHICAL
RELATIONSHIPS
Older people occupy a higher status. Communication

flows down from parent to child

Issue that could arise:
Children talk first or disrespectful of the parents
How counselor can respond:
Always address parent first and help (emphatize, avoid

argumentation and roll with resistance) the children to

respect his/her parents

3. PATRIARCHAL
RELATIONSHIPS
Male status is higher than female.
Issue that may arise:
Wife or mother show disrespect to her

husband/father
How counselor can respond:
Always address husband first or father first
and help wife/mother to show respect to
husband/father

4. COLLECTIVISTIC
ORIENTATION
Javanese like to do activities that bind them

together
Issues that may arise :
Client who lives on their own and doesnt join
societal activities like munjung,rewang,
slametan, sambatan etc. may be unaccepted
by Javanese community
How counselor can respond:
Help client see the consequences of not
joining societal activities through counseling

5. AVOIDANCE AS A CONFLICT
MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
The main strategy for conflict (especially marital

conflict) seems to be avoidance. The reason for

avoidance is to maintain the state of rukun (harmony).
Issue that may arise :
The tendencies of the couples to stay away from
conflicts suggest that they ignore the harmony inside.
How counselor can respond:
Counselor need to help clients face their problems
directly in order to solve their problems successfully

6. COUNSELING IS A FOREIGN
CONCEPT TO MANY
JAVANESE
When Javanese have problems, they seldom

see professionals like counselor or therapist.

Issue that may arise :
Clients may feel uncomfortable or unwilling to
share his/her problems with counselors
How counselor can respond:
Acknowledge the difficulty involved in sharing
private information but indicate that it is a
necessary process to develop solutions. In
addition, describe the clients role.

TATA KRAMA CONCEPT

Tata krama culturally means an

arrangement or set of good conduct or

etiquette.
For instance, when a young man passes
in front of his grandparents without
asking permission and bowing down his
body, he will be seen as an impolite man
or one who does not know tata krama

 Included in the meaning of tata krama is a

concept that a Javanese should know his

status in Javanese society and act accordingly.
For example, a young Javanese who speaks
politely to older Javanese using soft and low
tone of voice is a person who practises tata
karma
Likewise, an individual can be called kakek
(grandfather) even though , in terms of age,
he/she is younger than the person who call
him/her kakek.

 Tata krama is manifested in various forms like

disposition, attitudes, body language, tone of

voice and the level of language.
However, tata krama is not manifested totally
in Selangor.
For example, a Javanese who doesnt know
how to talk krama (high or refined) language
would use the body language of ngoko (low or
informal) with a tone of voice and body
language that show respect.

RUKUN CONCEPT
Rukun means harmony.
Javanese like doing things that build

harmony like gotong-royong.

Rukun can also explain the reason for
marital couples using self-management
strategies, such as mupus (forgetting),
being nerima (ignoring) and mawas diri
(introspection).

THANK YOU