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age
Processing
Lecture #
2
Contents
0 This lecture will cover:
0 Components of image processing system
0 Human eye
0 How is image formed?
0 How is image captured?
0 Sampling and quantization
0 Pixel relationships
Components of an Image
Processing System
colour
TV
monitors.
Monitors driven by image
and graphics display cards
outputs
Image
Image displays
displays
Hardcopy
Hardcopy
devices
devices
for recording images,
include laser printers,
film cameras, heatsensitive
devices,
Problem
Domaininkjet
units, optical and CD-Rom
disks.
Network
1.
Short-term
storage
:during
processing
2. on line storage :relative fast recall
3. Archival storage :infrequent use
Computer
Computer
Specialized
Specialized
image
image processing
processing
hardware
hardware
Image
Image sensors
sensors
Mass
Mass storage
storage
ALU + Digitizer to convert
output of sensor into
digital form.
Image
Image processing
processing
software
software
--sensitive
to
energy
radiated by the object we
wish to image
--produce electrical output
proportional to the light
intensity
Human eye
Continuous with
cornea.
Opaque membrane
Three layers:
1. Cornea + sclera
2. Choroid
3. Retina
Imaging plane
--Tough,
transparent
--light enters the
eye
Contracts &
expands to
control amount of
light
Made of
concentric layers
of fibrous cells
Formation of image in
eye
CORNEA
Image Formation
object
Sensor array: to
capture image
Image Formation
Image of object
Image Formation
Image Formation
Sampled Image
Image Formation
Discrete Real-value
Image
The three principal arrangements of the sensors: single sensor, line sensor and
array sensor
Single sensor
Line sensor
reflectance
-- determined by source
object
-- characteristic of
,L
Digital Image
Representation
f ( x, y )
f (0, 0)
f (1, 0)
...
f ( M 1, 0)
f (0,1)
f (1,1)
...
f ( M 1,1)
...
...
...
...
f (0, N 1)
f (1, N 1)
...
f ( M 1, N 1)
Pixel relationship
(0,0 (0,1
)
)
4-neighbors
(1,0
)
x
Diagonal neighbors
x-1,
y-1
x,y1
x1,y
x, y
x-1,
y+1
x,y+
1
8 neighbors
Pixel adjacency
0 Pixels: p(x,y) and q(s,t)
0 V = {1} set of intensity values used to define
adjacency
0 4-adjacency: p and q with values from V, are 4-