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WATER CHEMISTRY
WTP OVERVIEW
SAFETY IN WTP
EVALUATION
WATER
Pure water = H2O
H+ + OH-
Water :
Universal Solvent
- dissolve almost any salts in earth
- pure water is not exist naturally
Latent Heat
- high boiling point
- heat exchanger media
Source of Water :
- sea water
- underground water
- surface water
WATER CHEMISTRY
pH : acidic --- neutral --- alkaline
1
7
14
Alkalinity
- HCO3 (bicarbonate ) : at low pH
- CO3 (Carbonate )
: at high pH
Electrical Conductivity :
- Measure amount of dissolved solid (ion)
Hardness
- Calcium (Ca) & Magnesium (Mg) associated
with carbonate/bicarbonate
- Scale forming
Silica :
- Reactive silica
- Colloidal silica
- Scale forming
Turbidity :
- Measure of clearness of water
- Correlation with suspended solid
Suspended solid :
- Particles in water ; mud, clay, organic etc.
Dissolved solid :
- Ions in water
Scaling :
- Deposit of hardness, silica or corrosion product
- Preventive : scale inhibitor
Corrosion :
- Metal oxidation
- Initiator : dissolved oxygen, acid/base, water
- Preventive : corrosion inhibitor
Slime :
- Deposit of microorganism excretion
- Preventive : slime inhibitor
M
P
2
P
PI
CLARIFICATION
Function : to purify canal water
Solid Contact Clarifier (2 unit)
Fast mixing zone : impeller drive
Slow mixing zone
Settling zone
Scraper
Auto blowdown by timer
Dosing system : flocculant (alum sulfat), PolyAluminium Chloride
coagulant (anionic polymer),
pH adjuster (caustic soda) Not Used
Dosing pumps : 2 alum, 2 polymer, 1 caustic
Solid-bowl Centrifuge
Function : to solidify clarifier effluent
Sludge Pit
Sludge pump
Centrifuge : provided with polymer dosing
Dump Truck
Cooling Water Delivery Tank
Function : holding & delivery tank
Provided with : 2 pumps
pH meter & turbidity meter
CLARIFIER
Alum PAC
Polymer
Caustic Not used
pH
FROM
INTAKE
CWDT
Polymer
centrifuge
Sludge Pit
LS
FILTRATION
Function : to filtrate clarified water
Multi Grade Filter (MGF) , 2 unit
Activated Carbon Filter (ACF) , 2 unit
Regeneration : timer 24 h/cycle
back wash 15 min
rinse 2 min
Potable Water Tank , cap. 50 m3
Potable water pump
Chlorine injection pump
FILTRATION
MGF
B
MGF
A
ACF
B
ACF
A
To Demin Plant
POT
TANK
From CWDT
chlorine
Sanitary water
SAC
A
From ACF
WBA
A
SBA
A
MB
A
DG
STREAM-B
SAC
B
WBA
B
TWT
SBA
B
TWT
MB
B
Regeneration
When ? If resin exhausted
Output flow setting elapsed = cycle
Output water has poor quality (pH, EC, SiO2)
SAC :
Back Wash : 5 min
Middle Collector Flush : 5 min
Acid Pre-injection : 5 min
Acid Injection (counter current) : 30 min
Slow Rinse : 60 min
Final Rinse : 10 min
WBA/SBA (thoroughfare) :
WBA Back Wash : 5 min
SBA Back Wash : 5 min
Alkali Pre-injection : 5 min
Alkali Injection : 30 min
Slow Rinse : 11 min
WBA Final Rinse : 20 min
SBA Final Rinse : 20 min
MB :
Back Wash : 5 min
Acid/Alkali Pre-injection : 5 min
Acid/Alkali Injection: 15 min
Acid/Alkali Rinse : 24 min
Drain Down : 5 min
Air Mix : 10 min
Forced Settle : 2 min
Re-fill : 5 min
Final Rinse : 15 min
COOLING TOWER
1. GTG Cooling Tower
Close Loop System
Lube Oil Cooler
Corrosion Inhibitor : NaNO2 & Molybdate
GTG
Fan
Fan
Condenser
vapor
Fan
air
CT Basin
Scale &
Corrosion
Inhibitor
Slime
Inhibitor
B O I LER
A. Auxiliary Boiler
Function : for first time HRSG start-up
Type : Fire tube
Cap. : 10 ton
Make-up water : Demin water
Chemical : None
B. Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG)
Function : generate steam for steam turbine
Type : Water tube
Cap. : HPD 65 ton , IPD 13 ton
Make-up water : Demin water
Chemical : Oxygen scavenger,
Scale & corrosion inhibitor
STG
DA
HPD
TWT
CRT
HW
AB
IPD
SAMPLING RACK
Function : for taking sample from boiler drum, steam,
condensate & deaerator
HPS
IPS
HPD
IPD
CON
DA
cooler
micro filter
cation resin
pH
EC
DO
Si