Francisco Mercado Rizal

Teodora Alonso Realonda

Francisco Mercado Rizal

The father of Jose Rizal.
Was a serious looking man of sturdy build, said

to be taller than the average Filipino.

He had a prominent forehead and big black
eyes.
He was born in Bian, Laguna on April 18, 1818.
Coming from a well-to-do family, he studied
Latin and Philosophy at the Colegio de San Jose,
Manila.
Was married to Teodora Alonso on June 28, 1848.
Jose Rizal called him a model of fathers.
Died on January 5, 1898.

Teodora Alonso Realonda

The mother of Jose Rizal.
Was a vigorous and persevering woman with a

benevolent heart and a likeable personality.

Was born in Meisic, Sta. Cruz, Manila on
November 9, 1826.
Belonged to a distinguished family, and has
studied at the Sta. Rosa College in Manila.
She was a highly cultured woman who knows
literature and speaks Spanish fluently than
Jose.
She was Rizals first teacher.
Rizal called her loving and prudent mother to
whom he owed everything, next to God.
She died on August 16, 1911.

THE
SIBLINGS
OF JOSE
RIZAL

SATURNINA
(1850-1913)
-- Eldest of the Rizal
children, became the
wife of Manuel T. Hidalgo
of Tanauan, Batangas.

PACIANO
-- The second child in
the family and Rizals
only brother. Rizal
considered him a
second father.

NARCISA
(1852-1939)
-- The third Rizal child,
was married to
Antonino Lopez of
Morong, Rizal.

OLYMPIA
(1855-1887)
-- The fourth Rizal
child, was married to
Silvestre Ubaldo. She
died of childbirth in
1887.

LUCIA
(1857-1919)
-- The fifth Rizal
child, was the wife of
Mariano Herbosa.

MARIA
(1859-1945)
-- The sixth Rizal
child, became the
wife of Daniel
Faustino Cruz of
Binan, Laguna.

JOSEFA
(1865-1945)
-- The ninth Rizal
child, was an
epileptic. Like her
younger sister
Trinidad, she died a
spinster.

TRINIDAD
(1868-1951)
-- The tenth Rizal
child, was the last of
Rizals.

SOLEDAD
(1870-1929)
-- The youngest Rizal
child became the
wife of Pantaleon
Quintero.

June 19, 1861

- Jose Rizal, the seventh child of Francisco Mercado Rizal and
Teodora Alonso y Quintos, was born in Calamba, Laguna.
June 22, 1861
- He was baptized JOSE RIZAL MERCADO at the Catholic Church
of Calamba by the parish priest Rev. Rufino Collantes with Rev.
Pedro Casanas as the sponsor.
1864
- Barely three years old, Rizal learned the alphabet from his
mother.
1865
- When he was four years old, his sister Concepcion, the eighth
child in the Rizal family, died at the age of three. It was on this
occasion that Rizal remembered having shed real tears for the
first time.
1865-1867
- During this time his mother taught him how to read and write.
(his father hired a classmate by the name of Leon Monroy
who, for five months until his (Monroy) death, taught Rizal the
rudiments of Latin.

1869
- At the age of eight, Rizal wrote his first poem entitled
Sa Aking Mga Kababata. The poem was written in
Tagalog and had for its theme Love of Ones
Language.
IN BIAN, LAGUNA
1871
- His mother was imprisoned in Sta. Cruz, Laguna for
allegedly poisoning the wife of her cousin Jose
Alberto.
1872
- For the first time, Rizal heard of the word filibustero
which his father forbid the members of the family to
utter, including such names as Cavite and Burgos. (It
must be remembered that because of the Cavite
Mutiny on January 20, 1872, Fathers Mariano Gomez,
Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora were garroted at
Bagumbayan Field on February 17, 1872.)

AS A STUDENT IN MANILA
June 10, 1872
- Rizal took and passed the entrance examination
for the secondary course at the Ateneo Municipal
de Manila which was held at the San Juan de
Letran College. The subjects included Christian
doctrine, arithmetic and reading.
June 26, 1872
- He attended for the first time the classes in the
Ateneo Municipal de Manila. He was a day scholar
(externo).

1873
- Rizal took his vacation in Calamba after spending
one year studying in Manila.
(1873-1874)
- He was in his second year in the Ateneo.
November 14, 1874
- He wrote the poem Al Nino Jesus.
June 16, 1875
- After spending his vacation in Calamba, Rizal
returned to Manila to continue his studies in Ateneo.
December 5, 1875
- He wrote the poems El Combate: Urbiztondo, Terror
de Jolo (romance), El Embarque, and Y Es
Espanol: Elcano El Primero en dar Vuelta al Mundo
(in redondillas).

March 1876
- He finished the school year with five medals to his
credit; with knowledge of poetry.
April 1, 1876
- He wrote the poems Alianza intima entre la
Religion y la Buena Education and Por la
education recibe lustre la patria.
June 1876
- He returned to Manila after his vacation in Calamba.
It was his fifth year in Ateneo where he took
philosophy, physics, chemistry and natural history.
June 2, 1876
- Rizal wrote a dedicatory to his versification of San
Eustaquio, Martir which he put in verse in Calamba
during the summer vacation.

December 3, 1876
- He wrote the poems El cautiverio y el triunfo (in
cuartelas), Entrada triunfal de los Reyes Catolicos en
Granada and La Conquista de Granada.
March 14, 1877
- Rizal finished the course Bachiller en Artes (Bachelor
of Arts) from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila with
general average of sobresaliente (excellent).
June 1877
- Rizal returned to Manila and took metaphysics at
Ateneo. There he met Segunda Katigbak.
January 6, 1878
- After his vacation he returned to Manila to continue his
studies. He was taking a course in surveying at the
same time enrolled in Philosophy and Letters at the
University of Santo Tomas.

May 21, 1878

- He took and passed the surveyors examination.
June 2, 1878
- He enrolled in the University of Santo Tomas, both in the
preparatory and medicine proper.
September 11, 1878
- Rizal penned the first chapter of P. Jacinto; Memorias de un
estudiante de Manila about his birth and first years as a
boy.
October 28, 1878
- He wrote the second chapter of his Memorias de un
estudiante de Manila his life far from his parents and of
his sufferings.
November 1, 1878
- Rizal wrote the third chapter of his Memorias de un
estudiante de Manila his life since January 1871 to June
1872.

SEGUNDA
KATIGBAK
- 1st girlfriend of Jose
Rizal.

HONOR CERTIFICATE awarded to

Rizal by Fr. Bech of the Ateneo
Municipal de Manila on September
19, 1874.

HONOR CERTIFICATE awarded to

Rizal by Fr. Sanchez on December 23,
1875.

SILVER PEN won by Rizal as first prize

for his poem A is Juvented Filipina.

DIPLOMA OF RIZAL in Bachelor of Arts

issued on March 20, 1877.

April 7, 1879
- In Calamba, he wrote the fourth chapter of his memoirs.
In it he recollected the activities he did from 1872 to
1875.
December 1, 1879
- In Manila, Rizal wrote the fifth chapter of his memoirs
his two years in college.
April 13, 1880
- Rizal won first prize for his literary composition in prose.
El Consejo de los Dioses.
January 6, 1881
- During the birthday of the Rector of Ateneo, R. P. Pablo
Ramon, S. J., Rizal wrote an ode Al muy R. P. Pablo
Ramon, S. J., Rector del Ateneo en sus dias.
November 1881
- In Manila, Rizal wrote the sixth chapter of his memoirs
his life since April 1877 up to December of the same
year.

May 1, 1882
- Rizal left Calamba for Manila for his trip abroad. He left
Calamba without asking the permission of his parents.
In the family it was only Paciano who knew of the plan.
RIZALS FIRST TRIP ABROAD (May 3, 1882-June 15,
1882)
RIZAL IN BARCELONA, SPAIN (June 16, 1882-August 20,
1882)
August 18, 1882
- P. Leoncio Lopez of Calamba issued a certified copy of
Rizals birth certificate.
August 20, 1882
- His article Amor Patrio was published in the Diariong
Tagalog, a Manila newspaper edited by Basilio Teodoro.
This was the first article he wrote abroad.

RIZALS BIRTH CERTIFICATE issued by

Fr. Leoncio Lopez

LEONOR RIVERA
(a crayon sketch
by Rizal)

RIZAL IN MADRID, SPAIN

September 12, 1882
- Rizal matriculated at the Universidad Central de
Madrid. He took up the following subjects: medical
clinic, surgical clinic, legal medicine and obstetrical
clinic.
November 2, 1882
- He wrote the article Revista de Madrid which was
intended for publication in the Diariong Tagalog in
Manila, but was not published because the
newspaper stopped its circulation.
November 7, 1882
- Rizal wrote an article entitled Las Dudas. The article
was signed Laong Laan.
June 15, 1883
- Rizal left Madrid for Paris to spend his summer
vacation and also to observe the big French City.

RIZAL IN PARIS, FRANCE (June 17, 1883- August 2,

1883)
June 17, 1883
- Rizal arrived at Paris. He spent the whole day walking
around and observing the beautiful buildings.
RIZAL BACK IN MADRID (August 20, 1883- October 1,
1885)
September 28, 1883
- He enrolled at the Central Universidad de Madrid for
the second course in Medicine.
January 2, 1884
- Rizal proposed to the members of the Circulo,
assembled in the house of the Paternos, the
publication of a book by the association. This idea
became the embryo of his first novel Noli Me Tangere.

HOTEL DE PARIS

UNIVERSIDAD CENTRAL DE
MADRID

HOTEL INGLES &

RESTAUANT,
MADRID

MARIANO
KATIGBAK

HOTEL DE LA
PRINCESA

VALENTIN
VENTURA

- SAVIOR OF EL
FILIBUSTERISM
O

July 1, 1884
- Rizal explained the term Filibusterismo in the
newspaper of Madrid El Progreso, calling the attention
of the Spanish authorities over the case and future of
the Fili-pinos. He asked for freedom of the press and
the right of representationi in the Spanish Cortes.
October 1, 1885
- Rizal planned to leave Madrid by the middle of the
month. He intended to go to Germany to learn German
language and to study advanced course in
ophthalmology.
RIZAL IN FRANCE (November 19, 1885-February 1,
1886)
RIZAL IN STRASSBURG, GERMANY (February 2, 1886)
RIZAL IN HEIDELBERG, GERMANY (February 3, 1886April 22, 1886)

March 11, 1886

- He wrote to his younger sister, Trinidad,
describing the German girl as serious, studious,
and very much attached to her work.
April 22, 1886
- While in Heidelberg experiencing the feeling of
nostalgia for his parents and his country, Rizal
wrote the poem A Las Flores de Heidelberg.
RIZAL IN WILHELMSFELD, GERMANY (April 26, 188June 25, 1886)
RIZAL RETURNED TO HEIDELBERG (June 26,1886August 6,1886)
RIZAL ON HIS WAY TO LEIZPIG (August 9, 1886August 14, 1886)

RIZAL IN LEIPZIG, GERMANY (August 15, 1886-October

21, 1886)
RIZAL IN DRESDEN, GERMANY (October 29, 1886November 1, 1886)
RIZAL IN BERLIN, GERMANY (November 1, 1886-May
11,1887)
February 21, 1887
- He communicated to Evaristo Aguirre telling the letter
that the novel Noli was being rushed for publication.
March 21, 1887
- Copies of his novel Noli came off the press. He sent
one copy to Prof. Blumentritt. In a letter to his Austrian
friend, he said it was the first impartial and daring
book to be written on the life of the Tagalogs. He
opined that the Spanish authorities and the friars
would attack the book.

March 29, 1887

- In grateful appreciation of Maximo Violas
pecuniary aid, Rizal presented him the last galley
proofs and the first bound copy with his
dedication: To my dear friend, Maximo Viola, the
first to read and appreciate my work Jose Rizal,
March 29, 1887, Berlin.
RIZAL IN LEITMERITZ, BOHEMA (May 13-16, 1887)
RIZAL IN BRUNN (May 19, 1887)
RIZAL IN VIENNA (May 20-25, 1887)
RIZAL IN MUNICH, GERMANY (May 26-30, 1887)
RIZAL IN STUTTGART, GERMANY (May 31, 1887)
RIZAL IN BASEL, SWITZERLAND (June 3, 1887)
RIZAL IN GENEVA, SWITZERLAND (June 6-23, 1887)

June 13, 1887

- Rizal sent a letter to Fernando Canon requesting the
letter to sell the copies of the Noli, not less than 5
pesetas per copy.
RIZAL IN ROME, ITALY (June 27-30, 1887)
RIZAL ON HIS WAY TO MARSEILLES, FRANCE (July 1-3,
1887)
RIZAL BOUND FOR THE PHILIPPINES (July 4 August 3,
1887)
RIZAL IN MANILA (August 5, 1887- February 3, 1888)
August 30, 1887
- He left Calamba for Manila to see the Governor-General
on the issue of Noli Me Tangere which caused torment
among the friars in the Philippines. Governor-General
Terrero asked him for a copy and Rizal, after a few days
looking for copy, handed him a worn out one.

December 29, 1887

- The Permanent Board of Censure headed by Fr.
Salvador Font issued a judgment absolutely
prohibiting the circulation of the Noli Me Tangere in
the Philippines.
RIZAL IN HONGKONG (February 8-22, 1888)
RIZAL IN JAPAN (February 28 April 13, 1888)
- He met O Sei San
- Rizal wrote his family and envisioned that in the future
the Philippines would have more contact and relations
in Japan.
RIZAL IN AMERICA (April 28 May 13, 1888)
RIZAL IN LONDON (June 2 August 18, 1888)
- With the intention of writing the continuation of his
first novel, Rizal asked Mariano Ponce in a letter to
send him two or more copies of the Noli.

RIZAL IN PARIS (September 4-10, 1888)

- He arrived here because of the bad news.
- He left Paris for London to continue copying the book of
Morga in the British Museum.
RIZAL IN LONDON (September 19 December 11, 1888)
- Rizal finished copying the whole book of Morga.
- He found the book full of pessimism especially that
part which refers to the Indios.
- He wrote an extensive article on the meaning and
determination of the islang Ma-Yi described by Chao
JuKua, the Chinese chronicler, in his old Chinese codex.
- He found the book similar to his Noli with difference,
however, on the strength of attack. Rizals attacks are
more violent than those of Multatulis.

RIZAL IN SPAIN (December 11, 1888)

RIZAL BACK IN LONDON (December 24, 1888 March
15, 1889 )
- In a letter, Rizal requested Ponce to publish the
manuscript of the La Vision de Fr. Rodriguez, to
utilize the money earned for selling copies of Noli.
- He wrote the famous letter to the women of Malolos,
as per request by Marcelo H. del Pilar.
- Rizals article El Solfeo de La Defensa was published
in the La Solidaridad. his Los agricultores filipinos
was published in the La Solidaridad.
RIZAL IN PARIS (March 19, 1889 January 3, 1890)
- Rizal arrived at Paris and immediately founded the
Kidlat Club.
- Morgas Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas.

- His article Verdades Nuevas was published in La

Solidaridad.
- He met Sr. Moret, the ex-minister of the Spanish
government.
- His article Differencias was published in La Solidaridad.
- His essay Filipinas dentro de cien anos was published in
tha La Solidaridad (first installment).
- His essay Filipinas dentro de cien anos was published in
tha La Solidaridad (second installment).
- He erased the name of Quioquiap from the prologue
written by Blumentritt for the Morgas Sucesos de las
Islas Filipinas which was being printed with the Rizal
annotation.
- His article A La Patria was published to La Solidaridad.
- His article Inconsecuencias was published in the La
Solidaridad.
- From Paris Rizal sent to M. H. del Pilar the continuatin of
the Filipinas dentro de cien anos.

- His essay Filipinas dentro de cien anos was published in

tha La Solidaridad (third installment).
- His poem the Las Flores de Heidelberg signed Laong
Laan was published in the La Solidaridad.
- His Me Piden Versos! signed Laong Laan was
published in La Solidaridad.
- His article A La Defensa was published in the La
Solidaridad.
- He sent manuscript of his article Por telefono to
Mariano Ponce in Barcelona for publication in pamphlet
form.
- His article Los Viajes signed Laong Laan was published
in the La Solidaridad.
- He sent to Marcelo H. del Pilar a manuscript of an article,
an answer to the La Voz de Manila.
- Rizal published his La Verdad para Todos in the La
Solidaridad.

- Rizals letter Al Sr. D. Vicente Barrantes was

published in the La Solidaridad (first installment).
- He sent Marcelo H. del Pilar the manuscripts of the
Defensa del Noli of Dr. Blumentritt.
- He continued with enthusiasm the translation of
Blumentritts Memorias on the tribes of Mindanao.
- Rizals letter Al Sr. D. Vicente Barrantes was
published in the La Solidaridad (second
installment).
RIZAL IN LONDON (January 6-15, 1890)
- His article Ingratitudes was published in the La
Solidaridad.
RIZAL BACK IN PARIS (January 8 February 1, 1890)
- His essay Filipinas dentro de cien anos was
published in tha La Solidaridad (fourth installment).

RIZAL IN BRUSSELS, BELGIUM (February 2 July 31, 1890)

- His letter Al Exclmo., Senor Don Vicente Barrantes was
published in the La Solidaridad.
- His editorial article Filipinas en el congreso was
published in the La Solidaridad.
- Rizals letter to his countryme, Sobre la nueva
ortografia de la lengua tagala, was published in the La
Solidaridad.
- His article Seamos justos was published in the La
Solidaridad.
- His editorial article Cosas de Filipinas was published in
the La Solidaridad.
- His article Mas sobre el asunto de negros was
published in the La Solidaridad.
- His essay Sobre la indolencia in the La Solidaridad (first
installment) also his editorial article Una Esperanza
was published in La Solidaridad.

- He sent to Madrid the continuation of the Sobre la

indolencia de los Filipinos.
- His essay Sobre la indolencia in the La Solidaridad
(second installment).
RIZAL IN MADRID (August 15, 1890 January 27, 1891)
- His essay Sobre la indolencia in the La Solidaridad
(third installment).
- His essay Sobre la indolencia in the La Solidaridad
(fourth installment).
- His article Una contestacion a Don Isabelo de los
Reyes was published in the La Solidaridad.
- His essay Sobre la indolencia in the La Solidaridad
(fifth installment).
- His article El amor patrio with his pen name Laong
Laan, was published in the La Solidaridad(first
installment).

- His comments on D. F. Pi y Margalls article Las

luchas de nuetros dias was published in the La
Solidaridad(first installment).
- He was issued the diploma of Mason-teacher of the
Lodge Solidaridad by the Grand Oriente Espanol.
- He wrote the legend of Mariang Makiling which
was- published in the La Solidaridad on December
31, 1890.
- His comments on D. F. Pi y Margalls article Las
luchas de nuetros dias was published in the La
Solidaridad(second installment).
- His article Como se gobieron las Filipinas was
published in La Solidaridad.
- His poem A mi . .,- signed Laong Laan, was
published in the La Solidaridad.
- Rizal left Madrid for Paris via Biarritz, after
encountering all failures and difficulties in Madrid.