Introduction

What a Database Is and Is Not

The word database is commonly used to

refer to any of the following:
Your personal address book in a Word
document.
A collection of Word document.
A collection of Excel Spreadsheets.
A very large flat file on which you run some
statistical analysis functions.
Data collected, maintained, and used in
airline reservation.
Data used to support the launch of a space
shuttle.
Integrated
Database
Environment
Data
Storage
Hierarchy
Basic Definitions
 Database:
• A collection of related data
 Database Management System
(DBMS):
• A software package/ system to facilitate
the creation and maintenance of a
computerized database.
 Database System:
• The DBMS software together with the
data itself. Sometimes, the applications
are also included.
 A simplified database system
environment
Users/Programmers

Databas
e Application
System Programs/Queries
DBMS
Software Software
Process
Queries/Progra
ms
Software to
Access
Stored Data

Stored Database Stored

Definition Database
(Meta-Data)
Databases
Logical Structure for database :
• tree structures
• relational structures
• network structures
 
The most common relational
DBMS is Microsoft access and
oracle
Relational Structure
COURSE
Course_name Course_numbe Credit_hours Department
r
Intro to Computer CS1310 4 CS
Science
Data Structures CS3320 4 CS
Discrete Mathematic MATH2410 3 MATH
database CS3380 3 CS

SECTION
Section_identifie Course_number Semester Year Instructor
r
85 MATH2410 Fall 04 King
92 CS310 Fall 04 Anderson
102 CS[3320 Spring 05 Knuth
112 MATH2410 Fall 05 Chang
Tree Structure
network Structure
Components of DBMS
Contents of a Database

A Database contains:
o Users Data
o Metadata
o Indexes
Databases
Types & Physical Locations

Shared Databases
oShared by users in an
organization within one location
oTypically found on local-area
networks
Databases
Types & Physical Locations

Distributed Databases
o Database stored on different
computers in different locations
connecter by a client / server type of
network
Two methods are:
o Partitioning
o Duplicating
Databases
Types & Physical Locations

Centralized Databases
o Database stored in one location that
can be accessed by different
computers in different location via
communication networks
Types of Database
Operational database
Analytical database
Data warehouse
Distributed database
End-user database
External database
Types of Database
Hypermedia databases on the
web
Navigational database
In-memory databases
Document-oriented databases
Real-time databases
Relational Database
Types of Databases and
Database Applications
Traditional Applications:
o Numeric and Textual Databases
More Recent Applications:
o Multimedia Databases
o Geographic Information Systems
(GIS)
o Data Warehouses
o Many other applications
o Real-time and Active Databases
 Advantages of the Database
Approach
Improved strategic use of corporate data
Reduced data redundancy
Improved data integrity
Easier modification and updating
Data and program independence
Better access to data and information
Standardization of data access
A framework for program devlopment
Better overall protection of the data
Shared data and information resources
Disadvantages of Database
Approach
DBMS has High initial cost
DBMS has High Overhead –
requires powerful computers
DBMS are not special purpose
software programs e.g., contrast
an accounting software package
like Quicken or Peach Tree with
DBMS like MS Access
Additional expertise required
Scopes of Using
:Databases
Individuals and personal affairs
Financial accounting systems
Marketing , import and export
Storage, sales and purchases
Production
Databases Functions
Store all amendments
accurately and organize it so
that can be accessed and
retrieved in the future
Possibility of amendments
on the data
Store huge amounts of data
and process it
Databases Functions

ability to link different types of

information
ability to use encryption
Databases is a science charged with
information systems automation in
almost every life scopes which
requires a special database to
simplify:the
Presented
jobs ofby
institutions,

offices and individuals.
Shaima Zohdee It really
changes
Ghadeer our life
Al-qahtanee
Abeer Al-doais
Asma Al-edreesi