Rise of Nations

Preview:

A nation-state is a country:
Have a strong government
Have political boundaries
Are made up of people with a
common language & culture
How does this differ from
what we have studied during
the Middle Ages?

Middle Ages
Decline of Feudalism and
the Rise of Nations in
England & France

Rise of Nations
After

decline of Rome, Western

Europe fell under rule of many
different groups of people
Fighting occurred almost
constantly among these groups
Feudalism emerged as a form of
government that offered
protection

Rise of Nations
Except

for Charlemagne, kings had

very little power because their lands &
power was transferred to the nobles
BUT, in 1100s European
monarchs (kings) began to
build strong nation-states
Nation-state is group of people under
1 government, with definite territorial
borders, common culture & language

Strong Monarchies
England

& France were Europes

1st nation-states
The role of the monarchy (king)
grew stronger in England &
France in the 1300s
The growth of nations led to the
beginning of Nationalism (loyalty
to a nation-state rather than
feudal lord)

England
After

the collapse of the Roman

Empire, England was dominated
by 2 Germanic tribes: Angles &
Saxons; groups
combined in 866
& kingdom
became known
as England
(Angleland)

England
Norman InvasionWilliam,
Invasion

Duke
of Normandy invaded England in
1066 & became a very powerful
king of England
(became known
as William the
Conqueror)

England
Williams

grandson, Henry II, set

up system of common lawusing
law
judges & courts to
make sure law is
obeyed
Grand Juries
Juries
examined crimes
Petit Juriesdecided
Juries
guilt or innocence of
suspects

England
Henry

IIs son, John, was weak &

unpopular king who upset feudal
lords; forced him to sign Magna Carta
in 1215
1st document to limit the power of a
king (king could not
collect taxes without
approval of a Great
Council of nobles)

England
As

middle class began to grow, they

wanted representation in Great
Council; 1295, king allowed middle
class to joinbecame known as
Parliament
Parliament limited
king by advising
him on government
decisions

Stronger MonarchiesWar of the Roses

In

1455, England had a civil war as 2

royal families claimed the throne:
Lancaster (red rose) & York (white)
Henry Tudor was related to
both families & ended the
civil warHenry
was then
named king

Stronger MonarchiesWar of the Roses

Effects:

Many nobles died or fled during

war, which strengthened
monarchy & further reduced
feudalism

France
KEY IDEA:
IDEA

Instead of creating
a nation-state with strong king
then limiting power of king like
England, France
creates a
nation-state with
strong king who
got stronger

France
After

Charlemagne died, Frankish

kings were very weak; nobles in
France ruled as if there was no king
In 987 Hugh Capet took French
throne from a weak king;
strengthened French monarchy
Freed peasants from feudal lords;
people became loyal to king not
lords

France
Created

Estates-Generalgroup
Estates-General
of nobles, church members,
peasants to help raise taxes
But, Estates-General never
became as powerful in
France as Parliament
was in Englandso
The French king grew more
powerful than the English king
(who was limited by Parliament)

First EstateClergy (Priests)

Second EstateNobles
Third EstateCommoners

Complete Strengthening Monarchies

Use the following word bank to complete
the sentences provided:
Hugh Capet
Parliament
Crusades
William
War of the Roses

100 Years War

Limited
Magna Carta
Black Death
Monarch

Middle Ages:
Rise of Spain
as a Nation

Spain
The

Islamic Empire controlled

most of Spain since 750
BUT, Christians began to retake
Spain around time of Crusades
(quest known as Reconquista)
By late 1400s, the Reconquista
was successful; Spain was ruled
by exclusively by Christian kings
But Spain was divided into feudal
territoriesit was not unified

Islamic
(Muslim)
Territory

Islamic
Territory

Spain
Spain

was united when Isabella of

Castile married Ferdinand of
Aragon in 1469
Began Spanish Inquisitionused
Inquisition
trials, torture, imprisonment to rid
Spain of all Jews & Muslims
(one king, one law, one faith)

Middle Ages:
Rise of Russia
as a Nation

Byzantines Influence Slavs

Slavsnomads

migrated from Europe

to Asia; warred with Byzantines
Because of contact, Slavs began to
convert to Christianity & adopted
many Byzantine customs
Cyril developed alphabet so they
could read BibleCyrillic Alphabet
Russian king was impressed with
Hagia Sophia, developed Russia like
Constantinople, not Rome

SLAVS

BYZANTINES

Russia
During

1200s, the Mongols

invaded & ruled over all of Russia
(& Asia and China, too!)
But, in 1480 Ivan III refused to pay
the Mongols tribute (taxes) &
broke Russia free from Mongol
control
Ivan III became czar (Slavic word
for king) & made Moscow capital
of new empire

Russia
Under

Ivan IV, the power of feudal

lords was weakened & Russia
conquered more land from Mongols;
Ivan IV married Anastasia
Romanov (Romanov family
will be important later!!)
But, Ivan IV ruled by terror,
murdered thousands of
Russians, even his own
son (Was Ivan IV insane?)

The Rise of Nations Review

For

each new nation-state, use

the textbox to identify the
significant event(s) that led to
the rise of a powerful king