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Periods of development
Prenatal period
From conception to birth
Occurs before birth
Periods of development
Early childhood
From 2 years to 6 years
Becomes more self-controlled
Engage retend plays, enjoys social interactions,
develop in thought and language
Able to make choices & comments
Attend preschool
Middle childhood
From 6 years to 11 years
Well developed motor skills
More logical thought processes, have basic reading and
writing skills
Are able to reason and make judgements
Adolescence
Emerging adulthood
From 18 to 25 years
Not yet assumed adult roles
Intensify their exploration in love, career and
personal values
Many are in higher education
Psychosexual theory
STAGES
AGES
FOCUS OF KEY
PSYCHIC
EVELOPM
ENERGY - ENTS
LIBIDO
FIXATION
S
ORAL
0-1
MOUTH,
TONGUE,
LIPS
WEANING
OFF
BREAST
FEEDING
SMOKING,
OVEREATIN
G
ANAL
1-3
ANUS
TOILET
TRAINING
ORDERLINE
SS,
MESSINESS
PHALIC
3-6
GENITALS
RESOLVING
ODIPUS/EL
ECTRA
COMPLEX
DEVIANCY,
SEXUAL
DYSFUNCTI
ON
LATENCY
6-12
NONE
DEVELOPIN NONE
G DEFENCE
MECHANIS
MS
GENITALS
12+
REACHING
Motor development in
infancy
Movement skills gross motor skills
Crawling
Walking
Running
Grasping
Picking up objects
Holding pencil
Threading needle
Deficits in any could impact future learning
Motor development in
infancy
Sequence of motor development
Gross motor dev
Cephalocaudal pattern
Head-to-toe pattern of development
i.e. they learn to use their upper limbs before their
lower limbs
Cognitive development
Frontal lobe
Word production
Problem solving
Planning
Behavioural control
Emotion
temporal lobe
Wod undersanding
Memory
Emotion
Occipital lobe
Visual disturbances
Piagets cognitive
Adjust their mental schemas through accommodation
and assimilation to understand the world
Sensorimotor Period
The initial stage of development starts from birth to
about the age of 2. during this stage, the children
learns through motor and reflex actions.
Preoperational Periods.
Begins at about age 2 to 7.
Children have better knowledge of language
Need concrete physical situation to help them.
Cannot perceive abstract things
Socio-emotional
development
Eriksons theory
Children are born with capabilities.
Has divided human life to 8 stages and stated that
people have certain things that they have to
master at each stage.
Age
Man conflict
Typical Question
Infant
Is my social world
predictable
Autonomy versus
shame and doubt
Can I do things by
myself or must I
always rely on
others?
Initiative versus
guilt
Am I good or bad?
Am I successful or
worthless?
Adolescent (early
teens)
Who am I?
Generativity versus
stagnation
Will I succeed in my
life, both as a
parent and as a
worker?
Vygotsky socio-cultural
theory
Cognitive skills begin as asocial interactions
between the child and a more able other
A childs learning is guided by an adult or other
skilled individuals, who models and structures the
childs learning experience
Zone of proximal development (ZPD)
Difference in performance level between the
childrens independent and collaborative work