Pump and pumping

system basics

By Majdi Zreg .

Purpose
This presentation is designed to
educate you with the appropriate
knowledge of pumping principles.
Also knowing what are the basics
methods of pump and pumping
system .

Introduction
The first pump was invented by Joseph Michel
Montgolfier in 1796. This pump was used for
his paper mill. It was the first type of self
acting ram pump and was patented a year
after it's invention. And now pumps are the
second most common machine in use today.
They are exceeded in numbers only by the
electric motor.
To study pumps, a thorough understanding of
their various types and functions is essential.
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?What is a pump
the pump is a machine which has the function of

increasing the total (mechanical) energy of a

liquid; this means that the pump transfers energy
to the fluid that it receives from the driving motor.

.The old days

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Pumping systems
account for nearly
20% of the worlds
electrical energy
demand and range
from 25-50% of the
energy usage in
certain industrial
.plant operations
A Pumping System in an Industry.
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.Typical industrial pump system

Pumps are classified according to the way in which energy is imparted to

.the fluid
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.Centrifugal pump
A centrifugal pump is a rotodynamic pump that uses a rotating
impeller to increase the pressure and flow rate of a fluid.
Centrifugal pumps are the most common type of pump used to
move liquids through a piping system.

Cut-away view of a centrifugal

.pump

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.Affinity Laws - Centrifugal Pumps

If the speed or impeller diameter of a pump changes, we can

calculate the resulting performance change using:

Affinity laws
a.

The flow changes proportionally to speed.

b.

The pressure changes by the square of the difference pressure by 4.

c.

The power changes by the cube of the difference

Note:
1. These laws apply to operating points at the same efficiency.

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Overhung Impeller Centrifugal Pump

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.flow rate (Q)

The flow rate of the pump is defined as the

useful volume of liquid distributed by the pump

in the time unit. It is generally measured in
m3/s, or in m3/h, or in l/min.

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As a rule of thumb, pumps operate best when the flow rate is between
.80 percent to 120 percent of the flow rate
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.Static head (h)

Head is a measure of how high the pump
can push the fluid.

The definition of static head.

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.Total head and discharge static head

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Pressure can be converted to head

:by the equations

Head vs. pressure measurement.

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The pressure difference between the outside and inside causes a net
force on the shower curtain which sucks it inward. A more useful
example is provided by the functioning of a perfume bottle:
squeezing the bulb over
the fluid creates a low
pressure area due to
the higher speed of the
air, which subsequently
draws the fluid up.
Action of a spray atomizer
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First European depiction of a piston pump, by

.Taccola, c.1450
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Characteristic relation between

.head and flow rate

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.Pump Performance Curve

Total head vs. flow rate curve.

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.Pump Efficiency()

Max efficiency point is taken from the highest

point from the curve.
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.The efficiency of most motors range from 80-95%

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The relationship between height,

.pressure and velocity

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.Pump operating point

The pump
operating point is
the intersection of
pump curve and
system curve.

Pump performance curve

Head

System
curve

Pump
operating
point

Static
head

Flo
w
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. Illustrating that every pump has limits

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.Power curves
The power curves show the
amount of power at the pump
shaft and are usually marked
in kW. You can work out the
power at any point by
estimating the figure from the
closest power curve.
For a duty of 100 L/s and 25 m
head, the power required is
very close to 30 kW.
P (power) can be calculated if is known by
using the following equation: x g x H x Q
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. Power source

Pumps can be driven by a number of different power sources. The

most common are electric motors, but many other types exist.
1. AC powered - pump operates on a form of alternating current
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

(AC) voltage.
DC powered - pump operates on a form of direct current (DC)
voltage.
Air (pneumatic) - pumps power dusing a compressed air
source.
Combustion engine (gasoline or diesel) - pump is
powered using a gasoline or diesel engine.
Hydraulic - pump is powered by a hydraulic system.
Steam - pump is powered by steam.
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29

A large, electrically driven pump

.(electro pump) for waterworks near the Hengsteysee, Germany
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?What is friction in a pump system

Friction is always
present, even in fluids,
it is the force that
resists the movement of
objects.

Note how less friction wheels make.

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Friction loss.

The amount of pressure / head required to

.'force' liquid pipe and fittings

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.Controlling Pump Performance

Changing the amount for friction loss or "Throttling the Pump" will

change the pump's performance

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Manually operated piston pumps which

.are often found in parks
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Safety first.
Safety rules and signs must
be followed in the
operation of any pump
and thats to prevent any
hazard from happening .

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Hidden Cost of Accidents

Titanic

$1

$4 or more

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HAZARD
AWARENESS

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.Multiple-Pump Operation
To install a pumping station that can be effectively operated

over a large range of fluctuations in both discharge and

pressure head, it may be advantageous to install several
identical pumps at the station.

Pumps in Parallel

Pumps in Series
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. Parallel Operation( a)

Pumping stations frequently contain several (two or more)

pumps in a parallel arrangement.

Manifold

Qtotal =Q1+Q2+Q3
Pump

Pump

Pump

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.Series Operation( b)
The series configuration which is used whenever we need to
increase the pressure head and keep the discharge approximately
the same as that of a single pump.

Pump

Pump

Pump

Q
Htotal =H1+H2+H3
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.Pump Performance Testing

Measure
Flow
rate
(Q)

Suctio
n
pressu
re (Pa)

Delive
y
pressu
re
(Pm)

Compute
Torque
(C)

Head
(H)

Drivin
g
power
(Nu)

Useful
power
(Na)

Efficie
ncy
()

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Summary
Pump operation and performance can best be described by a

fewfundamental parameters; flow rate, pressure, head,power, and

efficiency.
Pumps has a long history that worth to search and study .
Pumps has many power sources , also pumps systems consumes a lot

of power and we have to be more careful about that also safety first in
the operation of any pump.
Types of pumps are so many and the most used pumps for hydraulic

purposes in the world today is the Centrifugal Pump.

We always have to consider the pump curves in mind when we want

to buy a new pump.

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