Network &

Telecommunication

Network Concept
The concept of the network can be devide
into 2 types, namely:
1.Concept of network based on
Geographical Location.
2.Concept of network based on topology

Concept of Network
Based on Geographical
Location

1. LAN (Local Area Network)

2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

3. WAN (Wide Are Network)

Concept of Network
Based on Geographical
Location
1.
LAN (Local Area Network)

Computer network that covers only

small area.
e.g: computer network in office,
campus, school, house, building, etc.

2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

A network in a city with high speed
data transfer, which connects various
locations such as campuses, offices,
government and so on.
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Concept of Network
Based on Geographical
Location
3.
WAN (Wide Area Network)
Computer network covers wide area,
for example computer network
between region, city, country. This
concept needs router and public
communication channels.

Concept of Network
Based on Topology
A rule to connect one computer to
another computer in order to build a
network.
Physical picture of the pattern of
relationships between network
components, including servers,
workstations, hubs, and cabling.

Concept of Network
Based on Topology
There are 5 categories of network topology:
1.Bus
2.Star
3.Ring
4.Tree
5.Mesh

Bus Topology
In a bus topology all computers
connected directly to the transmission
medium with a configuration called Bus.

Bus Topology
Cable to connect this network typically
uses coaxial cable.
Each server and workstation are
connected to the bus using the T
connector (T-Connector).

Some of the advantages of a bus

topology, as follows:
1. The use of the cable a bit, making it
look simple and cost-effective.
2. Development becomes easier.

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Some disadvantages of bus topology, as

follows:
1. The network will be disrupted if one
computer is broken.
2. Requires Repeater for network distance is too
far away (if using coaxial cable).
3. If interference occurs too seriously, then the
process of sending data traffic to be slow due
to the full and dense networks due to no
Users controller.
4. Detection of error is very small, so if there is
disturbance it hard to find the error.

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Star Topology
In a star network topology, every
workstation connected using a centralized
interface or called by the concentrator.

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Some of the advantages of the

star topology, as follows:
1. Flexible in terms of installation of a
new network, without affecting the
existing network.
2. When one user connection cable
broke, then only the relevant user
alone computer that is not working
and does not affect the other users
(the overall network connectivity is still
working).

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Some weakness of the star topology, as

follows:
1. Wasteful in the use of the cable, if
connected to a larger network and
wide.
2. When sending data at the same time,
it can happen Collision.

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Ring Topology
To form a ring network, every central series should be
connected with each other and this relationship will
form a closed loop.
In this system the switch must be designed to be able
to interact with the adjacent central and far apart.
This topology has the ability to perform switching to
many directions of Workstation.
This topology is often used for a wide network in the
city by using fiber optic cable transmission media, for
example to connecting multiple ISPs centers and
branches in the city.
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Some of the
advantages of a ring
topology,
1.
Save cables. as follows:
2. To build a network with this topology is
cheaper when compared to a star
topology.

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Some weakness of a
ring topology, as
follows:
1.
Very sensitive to network errors.
2. It is difficult to develop the network, so
the network appears to be rigid.
3. The cost of installing larger.

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Tree Topology
Tree topology is the development of a star
topology.
This topology is typically used for
interconnection with the arrangement of
different central.
At tree topology, every node will be connected
to the concentrator (hub or switch) which
located at the beginning of a series traffic.

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Some of the advantages of a tree

topology, as follows:
1. Easy to network development.
2. Easy to detecting error.
3. When a sub-node is broke, the other
sub-node will not disturbed.

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Some of weakness of a tree topology, as

follows:
1. When one of consentrator is broke,
then the follower sub-node will
disturbed.

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Mesh Topology
Mesh topology is a topology that is constructed by
placing
links between all nodes.
This network topology implement fully the relationship
between the central (Fully-Connected Mesh), ie a
network in which each node is directly connected to
all
other nodes.
The number of channels or links that should be provided
to
form a mesh network topology is the number of
nodes
(Station) minus 1 (n-1, n = number of nodes).
For example, if all the nodes in the network there are 5
nodes, each node must be linked (connected) to 4
other nodes.
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The advantages of
mesh topology:
Mesh topology has a high degree of
redundancy, so that if there is a link that
is broken then a node (Station) can look
for other links.

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Some weeknes of mesh

topology:
Requires considerable cost, because it requires
a lot of
wires, each node must be installed
LAN Card for n-1 (n = number of nodes).
This network is not practical.

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INTRANET
Intranet is a network within a company that uses
Internet
technologies (web browser, network
protocol TCP / IP,
HTML documents) to provide
an environment that is
similar with the internet
in the company.
Intranet is an effective medium to send information
about
the application of the company, such as
policies,
procedures, and forms of human
resources;
telephone
directory
organization;
training programs; search
engines; customer
database; product catalog and
manual labor;
groupware; organizational chart; The
latest news
about the organization; warning of a crisis;
as
well as data warehouse and decision support access.
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EXTRANET
Extranet is a network connection that uses
Internet technology to interconnect the
intranet of a business with other intranet.
Extranet is the public telecommunication
system to establish a secure connection
between suppliers, vendors, partners,
customers and other business parties in
order to support business operations or
accessing business information.

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Components of
Telecommunication Network:
1. Terminal
Telepon, any terminal of computer.
2. Processor telecommunication
Modem, router, switch, etc
3. Media & channels of telecommunication
Leased line, frame delay, ISDN, etc
4. Computer
PC, notebook.
5. Telecommunitions control software
Software network management, web
browser.
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Media
Telecommunication
1. Wired (Nirkabel)
a. Coaxial Cable
Thick coaxial cable (thick-net)
Thin coaxial cable (thin-net)

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Media
Telecommunication
b. Twisted Pair Cable
Shielded twisted cable (STP)
Un-shielded twisted cabel (UTP)

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Media
Telecommunication
2. Wireless
a. Radio technology
b. Infra Red
c. Technology of microwave (terrestrial
microwave, satelite microwave)

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Media
Telecommunication
3. Fiber Optic
Fiber optics is the transmission line made of
glass or plastic that is used to transmit light
signals from one place to another.

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