COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

V.Stoian, D.Stoian, I.Botea, D.Dan

Politehnica University of Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
Z.Hunyadi
BME, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Passive house guidelines

A dwelling which achieves the Passive House standard typically
includes:
very good levels of insulation with minimal thermal bridges
well thought out utilization of solar and internal gains
excellent level of air tightness
good indoor air quality, provided by a whole house mechanical
ventilation system with highly efficient heat recovery
For Europe, a dwelling is deemed to satisfy the PassivHaus
criteria if:
the total energy demand for space heating and cooling is less
than 15 kWh/m2/yr treated floor area;
the total primary energy use for all appliances, domestic hot
water and space heating and cooling is less than 120 kWh/m2/yr
2

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Passive vs. traditional dwelling

Criteria

Passive

Traditional

Compact form and good insulation

U < 0.15 W/m2K

0.3 < U < 0.7 W/m2K

Southern orientation / shading

Significant factor
U < 0.8 W/m2K

Some consideration

Energy efficient glazing and frames

G > 0.5

1.8 < U < 2.2 W/m2K

Building envelope air tightness

leakage rate under

0.6 / hour at 50 Pa
pressure

Approx 10 times poorer

Passive preheating of intake air

Underground soil heat

exchanger

N/A

Exhaust air heat recovery

Over 80% efficiency

N/A

Energy-saving household
appliances

A must

Sometimes used
3

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Ground floor plan

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

First floor plan

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Section

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Passive house wall cross section

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Traditional house wall structure

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Passive slab over ground

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Traditional house slab over ground structure

10

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Passive house roof structure

11

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Traditional house roof structure

12

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Passive house window detail

13

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Passive roof detail

Passive foundation insulation

14

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Passive house air ducts first floor

15

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Passive house air ducts ground floor

16

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Calculation algorithms comparison

Criteria

Traditional

Passive house

Algorithm

Global calculation

Per element calculation

Solar gain /
shading

5 cardinal directions /
bulk coefficient

Precise orientation (nearest

degree) / precise shading
factors

Horizontal < 30 deg <

vertical

Precise orientation (nearest

degree)

Internal heat
gain

17.5

15.3

Ventilation

Bulk coefficient
Precise calculation of
assumed ventilation rate ventilation heat loss
17

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Passive house

PHPP2007 VERIFICATION Traditional house

18

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Passive house PHPP2007 VERIFICATION Traditional house

19

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Passive house

PHPP2007
Energy consumption
Monthly method

Traditional house

20

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Passive house

Traditional house
21
TRADITIONAL ENERGY CONSUMPTION ASSESMENT

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Energy consumption assessment

Calculation method

Difference

Building method

Traditional

Passive house

Traditional

90.6

103

13.69%

Passive house

33.54

21

-37.39%

22

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Protection against traffic noise

- the sound reduction index Rw of a 25 cm thick masonry of a solid
wall structure consisting of Porotherm walling blocks (PTH 25) - is
considerably more favorable than that of elements PTH 38
- the thick heat insulation cladding could have however an
unfavorable effect
- wall claddings often cause unfavorable resonance in the medium
frequency range causes a reduction of the Rw sound reduction
index by Rw=1-5 dB
- the use of a heat insulation material results in more safety and a
higher sound insulation (DRw= 4-6 dB)
- using a solid facade wall can be used in noisy areas as well
- the sound insulating properties of fixed glazing, non-openable
windows result in favorable changes as well
23

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

Reducing the noise of technical supplies

- in passive buildings, a ventilation system operating through an
air-duct network is used, instead of individual devices installed in
each room
- equipment providing air intake and ventilation to maintain an
appropriate air exchange may transmit sound energy between the
internal and external spaces
- the system of pipes allows the installation of dimensioned silencer
units
- due to the low speed of flow of the air (va = 0,35 m/s), the
diffusers do not represent further sources of noise

24

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

LCC (Global Cost ) = Initial costs + Further costs

where:
I=

initial investments considered for simplification as being

consumed at the time mark chosed for analyze
n = period from investment to the mark period
considered period of analysis (years)
Cit = the costs from i category at t moment
Fit = the factor of transforming of some costs Ci
mentioned at t moment in equivalent values at the
mark time or actualization factor
25

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

LCC (Global Cost) versus period of analysis

26

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

27

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

28

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

29

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TRADITIONAL AND PASSIVE RESIDENTIAL HOUSES

Timisoara 23-24.10.2009

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

30