!SlipTripFall COM

SLIP/TRIP/FALL PREVENTION
Presented by:
Bill Luther, Loss Prevention Consultant
Do You
-REALLYUnderstand
Fall Prevention ?
Which way do you go to address

it?
Do you mean what you say and say

what you mean ?
Are you getting mixed signals

or giving mixed signals?
U-Turns Only?
Are you taking the rules to

heart?
Two One-Ways Equals One Two-Way,

Right?
For the Directionally

Challenged
When does School Start ?

Do we need training?
10
Uhhh, O.K.
11
You Cant Be Too Safe
12
Are you enforcing the

rules/regulations?
13
With all the information

out there.
Why do we still have
Slip-Trip-Fall accidents ?
14
Agenda
1:00
1:10
2:00
2:10
3:10
3:20
4:30
1:10
Introduction & Objectives
2:00
Definitions, statistics, standards
2:10
Break
3:10
Categories & Factors of Falls
3:20 Break
4:30 Prevention of Falls
4:45 Q & A
15
Objectives of this course

This course will focus on general
industry slips/trips/falls.
The Construction industry has its own
unique fall concerns and standards
1926.500 - .503
1926.1050 - .1060 ladders & stairs
1926.451 scaffolds
16
Factors that contribute to why we

fall
Physiological factors
Social/emotional factors
Environmental factors
17
18
Types of falls
Same level
Fall from heights (nonconstruction related and
focuses on portable ladders)
Stairs and steps
19
What can be done to help prevent

falls
Floor maintenance procedures
Housekeeping
Proper footwear
Hazard identification
Awareness training
20
Lets get Started!!!
21
22
Definitions
Friction: resistance to lateral

movement caused by contact
between two surfaces
Coefficient of friction: the

division of horizontal force by
vertical force
23
Definitions
Coefficient of friction (COF):

Common performance
measurement. Static measure of 0.5
has become working definition under
many state laws and codes. Certain
circumstances such as ramps and
wet flooring requires a higher COF.
24
Definitions
Slip resistant: A floor finish that meets a

static coefficient of friction value of 0.50 or
greater as measured by the D-2047
standard (James Machine)
ANSI: American National Standard Institute
ASTM: American Society for Testing and

Materials
25
Slip/Trip/Fall Impact
Almost 20,000 workplace related falls

reported in Texas in 1998
Characteristic
All
Events
Falls
% of events
assoc. with Falls
Total injuries
105,08
4
19,74
2
18.8
72,208
11,83
5
16.4
7,828
24.1
GENDER
Male
Female
32,460
1 Texas
Workers
Compensation
Commission
26
Characteristic
All
Events
Falls
% of events assoc.
with Falls
AGE
16 19
4,018
602
15.0
20 24
12,482
2,010
16.1
25 34
29,926
5,392
18.0
35 44
31,192
5,628
18.0
45 54
19,663
3,552
18.1
55 64
6,732
2,154
31.3
65 and over
1,005
403
40.1
1 Texas
Workers
Compensation
Commission
27
Characteristic
All
Events
Falls
% of events assoc.
with Falls
Industry
Construction
7,397
1,562
21.1
Retail Trade
20,310
4,568
22.5
Finance,
Insurance,
Real Estate
2,735
943
34.5
Manufacturin
g
22,978
3,184
13.9
1 Texas
Workers
Compensation
Commission
28
All
Events
Falls
% of events assoc.
with Falls
< 3 months
15,146
2,937
19.4
3 11
months
23,135
4,680
20.2
1 5 years
33,395
6,199
18.6
> 5 years
22,964
4,143
18.0
Characteristic
Length of
Service
1 Texas
Workers
Compensation
Commission
29
Key Standards for Working

and Walking Surfaces
Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) 1910.22
1910.30 for General Industry
American National Standard
(ANSI) A1264-2-2001 joint
issue with American Society of
Safety Engineers (ASSE)
30
Key Standards for Working

and Walking Surfaces
ASTM Evaluation of Test Data

obtained for Measurement of
Slip Resistance of Footwear
sole F695 Standard Practice
for, heel or related materials
31
OSHA 1910.22 General

Requirements
General requirements are broad

Housekeeping - (neat, sanitary
and if possible, dry
Aisles clear passage and
appropriately marked
Covers/guardrails protect
from open pits, tanks, etc.
32
OSHA 1910.23 Floor and Wall

Openings
Floor and wall openings
Floor openings - must have

rails or cover plate
Wall openings must be

guarded if there is a drop of
more than 4 feet
33
34
1910.23 (Floor/Wall
Openings)
Stairway railings/guards
handrails for 4 or more risers
Stair width and
presence/absence of walls notes
where rails are to be placed
Steps should be designed as or
treated with slip resistant
surface
35
1910.24 Fixed Industrial

Stairs
Applies to stairs around machinery,

tanks, etc., and stairs leading
to/from floors, platforms and pits
Different width requirements
than fire exits (min only 22)
More defined tread requirements
36
1910.25 Portable Wood

Ladders
Must be in good condition and made

of high density wood
Three types:
I-industrial, 3-20 heavy use

II-commercial, 3-12 medium use
III-household, 3-6 light use

Special purpose ladders-painters
stepladder and masons ladder
37
1910.26 Portable Metal

Ladders
Rungs must be made slip resistant

(corrugated, knurled, dimpled or
coated with skid-resistant material)
Provision for immediate inspection if
ladder tips over
Proper use provision- every 4
height, place ladder 1 away from
wall base
38
ANSI/ASSE A1264.2-2001
Standard for the Provision of Slip

Resistance on Walking/ Working
Surfaces
Focuses on slip resistance of
flooring surfaces
Recognizes slip resistance testing
methods
guideline of 0.5 coefficient of

friction for dry conditions
39
40
BREAK TIME
Types of falls
Same level
Smooth, finished surfaces

tile, marble, linoleum, etc
Uneven surfaces typically

outdoor environments,
sidewalks & parking lots
42
Types of falls
Fall from heights
Ladders-portables
Step stools
Platforms
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Apparently, the Brain Matter

SLIPPED AND FELL
out of his head!
51
Types of falls
Stairways
Wall and floor openings
52
53
Contributing factors to why

we
fall
Physics
Gravity works
It pulls us down towards the earth
and makes any slip/trip/fall worse
Momentum
Speed and size the bigger the
object and the faster it is moving,
the greater the chance of losing
balance
54

we fall
Physics
Slips because of too little
friction
Trips because of interference
with balance
Falls by moving too far off our
center of gravity
55
56

we
fall
Physiological factors
Gender
Females have a greater risk of a
serious fall
Age
55 and older group are more likely
to experience a disabling fall
57

we fall- physiological-cont.
Health
Illnesses
Inner ear infections
flu
Medication
Poor vision
Muscles-sense our bodys position
58

we fall-cont.
Social/emotional factors
Concentration
Preoccupied
In a hurry
Complacency
59
60

we fall-cont.
Type of footwear by user

Shoe sole material
Leather
Can be slippery when new
on hard dry surface, but due
to water absorption, can be
less slippery on wet surfaces
when broken in.
61

we fall-cont.

Shoe sole material
Rubber-soft and adheres to

floor, but temperature sensitive.
Synthetic-PVC can wear longer,

but may not conform to floor
texture
62

we fall-cont.

Heels- what more should I say
about high heels and hard floors?
Shoe sole tread- pattern should
reflect environment
Indoor flooring-look for
patterned, channeled tread to
help move liquids to the outside
of shoe when stepping.-keeps
surface traction & flat arch.
63

we fall-cont.

Shoe sole tread
Indoor flooring- avoid circular,
or irregular patterned, deep
grooved tread. These tend to
allow liquid to be trapped under
sole. Textured surface reduces
contact area. Long unbroken
cleats can act like skids
64

we fall-cont.

Shoe sole tread Outdoor work- look for deep
well spaced groves. These
are better for uneven
walking surfaces
65

we fall-cont.
Environmental factors
Physical characteristics of
the surface
Type of flooring
Hard- concrete, tile
Resilient-VCT
Other-wood, carpet
66

we fall-Environmental
Floor maintenance
factors-cont.
Cleaning for hard or resilient floor
Detergents with fragrance-can

leave slippery residue
Cleaner not diluted enough or

too much
Wrong cleaner type for floor

67

factors-cont.
Floor maintenance
Not following manufacturers
directions, such as sweeping
first or rinsing, if specified
Not cleaning floor as needed
or regular basis
68

factors-cont.
Floor maintenance
Not repairing damaged
flooring
Buffing/burnishing-a high
quality, traction-enhanced
polish applied correctly can
improve traction
69
70

Poor housekeeping
factors-cont.
Materials being improperly stored
in hallway or aisle
Items being left accidentally or
purposely in walk area
Water, grease or other slip hazards
on hard or resilient surfaces
71

factors-cont.
Poor lighting
Should have at least 20
footcandles in walkways
Eliminate glare sources
Replace burned out or
flickering light bulbs
72
Contributing factors-same
level
Carpet
Has good traction, even with wet
conditions (nursing homes &
hospitals)
Carpet needs to be kept in good
condition- regular inspection and
repair/replace as needed when
damage is noted
73
level
Carpet
Small rip can catch a heel
causing a trip and fall
Bumps can catch the toe of
the shoe causing a trip and
fall
74
level
Wood flooring
Generally not found in most
office complexes due to high
initial cost and maintenance
Typical retail wood cleaners
may leave a slick finish even
when dry
75
level
Parking lots
Pot holes
Loose rocks and pebbles
Speed bumps
Cracks in pavements
Ramps
Parking space dividers
76
level
Parking lots
Should we be concerned
about parking lots from a
workers comp standpoint?
Yes!
77
level
Sidewalks
Uneven patterns
Cracks
Debris
78

Weather related hazards
factors-cont.
Ice
Snow
Rain
Mud
These factors can impact your

outdoor travel and can be
brought into the building
79
BREAK TIME!
80
Prevention of
Slip/Trips/Falls-same level
Mats
Housekeeping
Employee Awareness
Appropriate Footwear
Proper Floor Maintenance &
Inspection
81
Prevention of
Mats
Place mats and/or runners at
building entrances, adjacent
water fountains, sinks, and
any other place where spills
may occur and is part of the
workplace
82
Prevention of
Mats
Should be secured against movement
Taped edges can be considered if

properly maintained
Should have a beveled, flat edge
Rotate periodically for even wear

Permanent, recessed mats are
preferred
83
Housekeeping
Assigned responsibilities
Employee training in proper
procedures for routine cleaning
What products to use for each type

of floor surface
What the manufacturers
specifications for use may be
How often to clean on routine basis
84
Housekeeping
Procedures in place for spills

Warning signs yellow
caution cones or barricade
tape (29 CFR 1910.144)
Inspection to make sure
clean up is complete
85
Housekeeping
Storage Procedures
Aisles should be kept clear
Materials should be placed

in proper space
Housekeeping is an ongoing
process, not hit and miss
86
Housekeeping
Other benefits of good

housekeeping
Ease in flow of materials
Decreased fire hazards

Better control of tools and
materials
More efficient equipment clean up

and maintenance
87
Employee Awareness
Employees need training on

recognizing potential slip/trip/fall (and
other safety) hazards in their
workplace and what policies and
procedures are to be followed. NEO is
the best time to address this.
Empower employees to assume
responsibility for safety and to
communicate.
88
Appropriate footwear
Management should clearly

define what footwear is
appropriate for the workplace.
Inappropriate footwear may
contribute up to a fourth of
the reported same level
slip/fall incidents
89
Remember this rule of thumb:

soft rubber soles for dry
surfaces, not wet or greasy.
Hard rubber soles for greasy, but
not dry or wet surfaces.
Synthetic soles for many
conditions, but may not be
recommended for oily surfaces
90
Remember these rules of thumb:

Well defined square leading
edges
Wedge sole better for hospitals,
catering
Minimum channel depth of 2mm
91
Floor Treatments
Pros and Cons for each
Contact supplier for one that
suites your needs best
Etching
Paint or Epoxy compounds
Broom finishing of concrete
92
Floor Treatments
Abrasive granules coating
Carpet
All must be properly

maintained and inspected to
perform at optimum
93
Floor
Maintenance/Inspection
Responsibility must be assigned
Floor manufacturer is the best
resource for determining what
product is best
Many new hard surface floor
care products have built in
traction enhancing properties
94
Floor
Maintenance/Inspection
Periodic inspection must be conducted. It

can be part of the walk through
inspection checklist.
Damaged portions should be clearly
identified and barricaded.
Prompt repairs or replacement should be
made.
Accountability must be placed with
management for follow up of repair
completion.
95
Slip Resistance
Measurement
The lower the number, the more

slippery it is considered
Scientific community debates- which is
better
Measure Static Coefficient of Friction
(force to move an object from resting)
Measure Dynamic Coefficient of
Friction (force to keep an object in
motion)
96
Slip Resistance
Measurement
Types of commonly found machines

The James Machine-measures static
COF
Must be used precisely
Accurate in controlled environment
Not portable
Dry testing only
97
Slip Resistance
Measurement

Horizontal Dynamometers
Weighted sensor pulled across
stationary surface
Pros-Portable, wet/dry readings
Cons-User error, affected by
other factors
98
Slip Resistance
Measurement

Sellmaier- newer model
Electronic, easy to use, portable,

wet/dry testing, graphic output
Can measure COF>1.0,

impacted by wet testing
Expensive
99
Prevention of Falls from

Heights
Stairs
Step stools
Ladders
Portables
100

Heights
Stairs
Keep stairs clear of debris and
potentially slippery substances
Dont allow employees to skip
stairs to save steps & use handrails
Stairs should be installed with OSHA
specified railings and meet width
and step height requirements
101

Heights
Stairs
Maintain regular and emergency
lighting
Inspect stairs and stairways
periodically
Make sure any added slip resistant

materials are in good condition
Make sure handrails are secure

102
Step Stools
Use step stools with handrails, if
possible, avoid single step stool
Keep assessable and inform
employees of location
Wide step base is preferred
Limit load to be accessed, dont
reach above shoulder height
103
Ladders-Portables
Make sure ladder is set up on
firm level base
Inspect ladder before climbing
for any damage
If damaged, immediately tag
Do not Use and remove from
work area
104
Ladders - Portables
When climbing ladders,

maintain 3 point contact
2 hands and 1 foot on ladder
1 hand and 2 feet on ladder
Put tools in tool belt
105
Ladders - Portables
Dont reach outside your center of

balance
Move the ladder when the work
requires it
Never stand on top step
Training
Employees are to be trained by
competent person in proper ladder
use and inspection procedures
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
1
6
5
131
132
$afety Pays
Direct Cost: ______
Indirect Cost: ______
Total Cost: ______
Profit Margin: ______
The ADDITIONAL SALES necessary to
cover:
Indirect Cost: ______
Total Cost: ______
133
$afety Pays
Direct Cost: $8,540
Indirect Cost: _______
Total Cost: _______
Profit Margin: _______
cover:
Total Cost: _______
134
$afety Pays
Direct Cost: $8,540
Indirect Cost: $17,080
Total Cost: ______
cover:
Total Cost: _______
135
$afety Pays
Direct Cost: $8,540
Total Cost: $25,620
cover:
Total Cost: _______
136
$afety Pays
Direct Cost: $8,540
Total Cost: $25,620
Profit Margin: __7%__
cover:
Total Cost: _______
137
$afety Pays
Direct Cost: $8,540
Total Cost: $26,620
cover:
Indirect Cost: $244,000.00
Total Cost: __________
138
$afety Pays
Direct Cost: $8,540
Total Cost: $26,620
cover:
Indirect Cost: $244,000.00
Total Cost: $366,000.00
139
You Spend One-Third of

Your Day at Work
Make It a Safe Day!
If you are complacent Incidents will rise in frequency and severity
THE END
141
Thank You!
142

!SlipTripFall COM

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SLIP/TRIP/FALL PREVENTION

Which way do you go to address

Do you mean what you say and say

Are you getting mixed signals

Are you taking the rules to

Two One-Ways Equals One Two-Way,

For the Directionally

When does School Start ?

You Cant Be Too Safe

Are you enforcing the

With all the information

Objectives of this course

Objectives of this course

Factors that contribute to why we

Objectives of this course

Objectives of this course

What can be done to help prevent

Lets get Started!!!

Friction: resistance to lateral

Coefficient of friction: the

Coefficient of friction (COF):

Slip resistant: A floor finish that meets a

ANSI: American National Standard Institute

ASTM: American Society for Testing and

Almost 20,000 workplace related falls

Key Standards for Working

Key Standards for Working

ASTM Evaluation of Test Data

OSHA 1910.22 General

General requirements are broad

OSHA 1910.23 Floor and Wall

Floor and wall openings

Floor openings - must have

Wall openings must be

1910.24 Fixed Industrial

Applies to stairs around machinery,

1910.25 Portable Wood

Must be in good condition and made

I-industrial, 3-20 heavy use

III-household, 3-6 light use

1910.26 Portable Metal

Rungs must be made slip resistant

Standard for the Provision of Slip

guideline of 0.5 coefficient of

Smooth, finished surfaces

Uneven surfaces typically

Fall from heights

Apparently, the Brain Matter

Contributing factors to why

Contributing factors to why

Contributing factors to why

Contributing factors to why

Inner ear infections

Muscles-sense our bodys position

Contributing factors to why

Contributing factors to why

Type of footwear by user

Contributing factors to why

Type of footwear by user

Rubber-soft and adheres to

Synthetic-PVC can wear longer,

Contributing factors to why

Type of footwear by user