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Industrial Pneumatics
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Topic Outline:
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What is
Pneumatics?
PNEUMA - Greek root term means breath
It is the industrial implementation and application
of air
powered actuators (cylinders and
motors) and their control devices (valves) needed
in their operation.
Branch of science which deals with the study of
gases especially air, its properties and application
at pressure higher (compressed) or lower
(vacuum) than atmospheric.
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COMPRESSO
R
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10mm to 32mm
5mm to 50mm
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Bearing
Rod
Sprin
g
Vent
Connectio
n
Piston
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Seal
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DOUBLE-ACTING CYLINDERS
Stroke Length
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100mm (max)
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Seals
Wiper
Base end
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Pisto
n
Rod
Connectio
ns
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Bearing
Rod end
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Seal
s
Cushioning adjustment
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Non-return valve
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Rodless Cylinders
Rodless cylinders or Linear
Drives are used when long
strokes are required or little
fitting space is available.
Mechanically coupled
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Magnetically coupled
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PNEUMATIC VALVES
FUNCTIONS :
regulate pressure
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2
1
1
2
1
4
1 3
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Actuation methods
?
MANUAL
MECHANICAL
General
Spring
Push Button
Button
Lever
Roller
Pedal
Idle Roller
?
ELECTRICAL
Solenoid
Detent
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PNEUMATIC
Pneumatic
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SWITCHES
POSITONS :
normally
open
normally
closed
CONTACT
CONFIGURATIONS :
normally
open contact
normally
closed contact
changeover
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contact
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SOLENOIDS
DEFINITION:
a
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PILOT SIGNAL
FLOW
By using pilot control, the size of the solenoid ELECTRICAL SIGNAL
Can be kept to a minimum.
APPLIED TO SOLENOID
Main Advantages :
@ It reduced power consumption
@ it reduced heat generation
SOLENOID ACTUATES
PILOT VALVE
PILOT ACTUATES
MAIN VALVE
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Relays
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Relays
1
A1
K
A2
2
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Advantages of Relays
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Disadvantages of
Relays
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Sensor Classifications
S e n s o r C la s s if ic a t io n
A c c o r d in g to
P r i n c ip l e o f O p e r a t i o n
S e n s o r C la s s if ic a t io n
A c c o r d in g to
W ir in g
S e n s o r C la s s ific a t io n
A c c o r d in g t o
O u t p u t S ig n a l P o la r it y
C o n ta c t S e n s o rs
2 - W ir e S e n s o rs
P N P S e n s o rs
3 - W ir e S e n s o rs
N P N S e n s o rs
E le c t r ic a l L im it S w it c h
P re s s u re S e n s o rs
C o n t a c t le s s S e n s o rs
4 - W ir e S e n s o rs
M a g n e t ic
I n d u c t iv e
C a p a c it iv e
O p t ic a l
U l t r a s o n ic
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SENSORS
TYPES:
Contact Sensors mechanical in nature, subject to
mechanical wear and with predictable failure rate. Contact sensors
include limit switches, roller switches, and pressure sensors.
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24v
DC
PNP Type
+ 18 to 30 Volts
DC.
Output
Output is
Positive
Positive
switching
0v
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24v
DC
+ 18 to 30 Volts
DC.
Output
NPN Type
Output
switches
through to
0v
Negative
switching
0v
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BN
BK
Note:
BU
For metallic
materials only
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BN
BK
BU
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SENSORS
Optical Sensor
Inductive Sensor
Optical Sensor
Magnetic Sensor
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Pneumatic-Electric Converter
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+
S1
D1
R2
R1
C1
K1
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+
S1
D1
R2
R1
C1
K1
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1.
The CONTROL CIRCUIT is the part of the relay ladder, which processes
input signals.
2.
The POWER CIRCUIT is the part of the relay ladder, which directly
controls the electrical loads. (ie., solenoid coils, motors, lamps, buzzers
3.
In the control circuit, each working step is assigned its own STEP RELAY
4.
Each step relay, except the last step relay, employs a self holding conta
5.
A NO contact of the step relay N is placed in series with the first step re
6.
A NC contact of the last step relay is placed in series with the first step
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Representations
Chronological Order
Cylinder 1.0 extends and lifts the box
Cylinder 2.0 extends and pushes the box
Cylinder 1.0 retracts, then
Cylinder 2.0 retracts
Tabular Form
Work Step
Motion of Cylinder 1.0
1
out
2
3
in
4
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Representations
Vector Diagram
Extension represented by
Retraction represented by
1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
Abbreviated Notation
Extension represented by : +
Retraction represented by : -
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1.0
2.0
1.0
2.0
+
+
-
Representations
1.0
2.0
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5=1
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PNEUMATIC APPLICATIONS
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Pressing
Welding
Automobile
manufacturing
Assembling
Powertrain
lines
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Painting
Weldin
g
Pneumatics for Welding guns
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Electronic Industry
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CONTACT US. . . .
FESTO PHILIPPINES:
Head Office
Festo, Inc.
Km 18, West Service Road,
Sucat, Paraaque City
Tel. No. (02) 776-6888
E-mail: festo@festo.com.ph
Website: http://www.festo.com
Branch Office
Festo, Inc.
Mercedes Commercial Center,
A. C. Cortes Ave., Mandaue City
Tel. No. (032) 345-1120
E-mail: festoceb@skyinet.net
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