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B. Rouben
McMaster University
EP 6D03
Nuclear Reactor Analysis
(Reactor Physics)
2009 Jan.-Apr.
2009 Januar
(5)
2009 Januar
(6)
n( r , t )
2
f n( r , t ) DB n( r , t ) an( r , t )
t
( 7)
(8)
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The delayed source comes from the decay of delayedneutron precursors. We saw last time that there are many
delayed-neutron precursors. However, we will for now
assume only 1 delayed-neutron precursor group. We will
write its concentration as C.
By the radioactive-decay law, the decay rate of the
precursor is C, where is the decay constant of the
precursor.
There is 1 delayed neutron born from the decay of 1
precursor nuclide. Therefore the production rate of the
precursor must be equal to the fission rate times d:
d f f n
2009 Januar
( 9)
n ( r , t )
2
(1 ) f n( r , t ) DB n( r , t ) an( r , t ) C
t
(10)
(11)
C r , t
r , t C r , t
(1)
t
n( r , t )
(1 ) f n( r , t ) DB 2n( r , t ) an( r , t ) C r , t ( 2)
t
2009 Januar
n( r , t )
DB 2 a
f 1
n
(
r
,
t
)
C
r
,t
t
f
Now we use
1
neutron generation time
f
and keff
f
1
DB 2 a
keff
to get
n r , t 1
1
1
n r , t C , i.e.,
t
keff
n r , t
n r , t C r , t
t
2009 Januar
( 2)'
(3)
( 4)
( 2)' '
n C
dt
dC
n C
dt
( 6)
(7)
n
:
d , but this will involve
dt
dC
C
dt
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(8)
( 9)
n
n C C
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C
(12)
n C 0
n
( ) C 0
(13)
(14)
0, i.e.
toattack
this
are
2ways
0equation:
There
(15)
One is to realize that this is a quadratic equation, whose roots can be found. Well
come back to this method later.
The other method is graphical. In this approach, the form of the equation usually
seen is obtained by writing in terms of l*. Remember from Eq. (19) in the
previous presentation:
*
(1 )*
keff
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10
Inhour Equation
1 * 0
The terms in are usually isolated , as follows :
*
1 * , or
1 * 1 *
(16)
Inhour Equation
(16)
1 * 1 *
The left hand side :
goes through 0 at 0 (is positive for 0, negative for 0)
1
because , as , and as and
*
1
1
as * , and as *
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12
When = 0, one
value is 0, the other is
is negative.
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13
C t C1e1t C2e2t
(17)
(18)
2 1
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14
15
Summarizing, therefore:
2 0 in all cases
1 0 if 0
0 if 0
0 if 0
and 2 1 ( and fairly l arg e negative ) in all cases
Stable Period
1
Stable (or asymptotic ) period
1
(19)
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17
1
*
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18
n g C g
dt
g 1
( 20)
dC g g
n g C g , g 1 to G
dt
( 21)
1 * 1 * g 1 g
( 22)
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( 23)
( 24)
20
General Solution
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21
For not too large and positive (i.e., except for positive
reactivity insertions at prompt criticality or above):
1
1
, i.e., things evolve much more slowly than
*
without delayed neutrons
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22
nss g C g ,ss 0
dt
g 1
dC g ,ss
dt
( 25)
nss g C g ,ss 0 , g 1 to G
Cg ,ss
( 26)
g nss
, g 1 to G
g
( 27)
G
Summing Eq. (27) over all g yields back Eq. (25), since g
g 1
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23
24
Prompt Jump
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25
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26
nss
( from Eq. ( 27)) ( 28)
dn
Approximat ion 2 amounts to setting
0, therefore from Eq.(6) :
dt
dn
0
n C
( 29)
dt
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27
Prompt-Jump Invalidity
28
Prompt Criticality
1
1
1 ...
1 1
29
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30
(15)
(31)
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2 4
(32)
31
the sec ond term under the square root sign is much smaller
than the first term .
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(33)
32
As for 1:
1
4
1
1
2
2
1
2
1/ 2
(34)
C t C1e1t C2e2t
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(35)
(36)
33
(35)
n1
n2
e1t
e2t
(36)'
( 1 )
( 2 )
We can calculate n1 and n2 by equating n 0 and C 0 to
known initial values. Here we will assume that the initial
state is a critical reactor , therefore
n 0 nss 1 (arbitrarily chosen initial value, for simplicity ),
n
and , as per Eq. ( 27), Css ss
(38)
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34
C t
n2
(38)
n1
n2
Css
, which can be rewritten
1 2
n1
n2
1
(39)
1 2
1
We can e lim inate n2 by taking
* Eq. (38) Eq. (39) :
2
n1
n1
1
1
2
, i.e.
1 2 2 2
2 1
2
n1
1 2 2
2 1 1
n1
(39) , sin ce 2 1
2 1
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35
1
, we get finally
1
n1
( 40)
We can immediately get n2 from Eq. (38) :
n2 1 n1
(41)
So the total solution for the neutron density or flux / power is
t
t
n t
e
e
( 42)
Note that we have rederived the prompt jump in a different way!
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36
Summary
37
END
2009 Januar
38