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1
README
Basic definitions
tensile stress
Basic definitions
compressive stress
Youngs modulus
stress: force on an
object per area
Youngs modulus
unit: Pa
1
Youngs modulus
stress
Hookes law
strain
1
Youngs
modulus
Poissons ratio
Poissons ratio
0.5
Poissons ratio
change in volume
and since
it follows that
0.5
1
Poissons ratio
what happens?
>0.5
= 0.5
0.21
0.33
0.35
0.4
0.29
close to 0.5
close to 0
unit: Pa
modulus of rigidity
bulk modulus
unit: Pa
2
energy
offset
=0
harmonic potential
linear force.
yield stress
linear
region
unit: Pa
modulus of rigidity
macroscopic
measurement
microscopic
model
and
10
Nm
6
-2
-2
-2
to 10 Nm
Defects
Dislocations
an edge dislocation
one extra sheet of atoms
the dislocation reaches
over long distances
microscopy
picture of
plane
3
Moving of a dislocation
One does not have to break all the bonds at the same time,
but only one at a time to slide the plane.
-2
(too small)
One application
picture
example pictures
small A,
high
large A,
small
Brittle fracture
No transition to plastic
deformation before
fracture.
correspond to pulling
the atomic layers apart
but it is often much
smaller. Why?
Brittle or ductile?