Civil Pp02

CHAPTER2
ComputerAidedDesignandDrafting
(CADD)
DrawingUnits
CADDsystemsuserealworldunitsfor
drafting.
Commoncivildrawingunitsinclude:
Inches
Feetandtenthsoffeet
Meters
Millimeters
CivilDraftingTechnology,7thedition
Madsen,Shumaker,andMadsen
2010PearsonHigherEducation,
UpperSaddleRiver,NJ07458.AllRightsReserved.
CADDFiles
Modelfilescontaintheindividualelements
thatmakeupthefinaldrawing,suchas
propertylines,building,anddimensions.
Sheetfilesbringthemodelfilestogetherto
createthecompositedrawing,andincludesthe
borderandtitleblock.
LayoutTabsinAutoCAD
ModelFileExample
SheetFileExample
OrganizingFiles
Organizefilesinfoldersandsubfolders.
Projectfoldercontainssubfolders.
Subfolderfilesinclude:
Drawingfiles
Wordprocessordocuments
Spreadsheets
Projectandsubfoldernames
TheU.S.NationalCADStandardrecommends
thefollowingfourelementsfornamingfiles:
1. Projectcodedefinedbycompany
2. DisciplinedesignatorC,S,A,M,Eetc.
3. ModeloffileTypeofdrawingD
Demolition,Ggrading
4. UserdefinablecodeUsuallyprojectnumber1,
2,3etc.
OthercommonProjectfilenumbers:
YearClientProject#
1399902
FilesmadeforeachDiscipline
1399902
1399902A
1399902C
SheetNamingPage47
TheU.S.NationalCADStandardrecommendsthe
followingfourelementsfornamingsheets:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Projectcode
Disciplinedesignatorwithasecondleveldesignator
Sheettypedesignator
Sheetsequencenumber
Userdefinablecontent
Example:999CD114
999(client)C(civil)D(Demolition)1(Plans)page1of4
SheetIdentifier
Locatedinthetitleblockandinanyreference
tothesheet.
Includes:
1. Disciplinedesignator
2. Totalnumberofsheets
3. Sheetnumber
10
LineWeight
Thickness
Avarietyoflineweightshelptoimprovethe
drawingclarity.
StudythelineweightspresentedintheCADD
Graphics:LineWeightssectionofChapter2
tobetterunderstandthethicknessanduseof
eachlineweight.
11
LineType
12
LineColor
Colorcanhelpclarifyandvisualizeadrawing.
Drawingsareoftennotprintedorplottedincolor.
256colorscanbedisplayedinmostCADD
systems.
Colorssuchasyellow,magenta,andcyancan
sometimesbedifficulttoseeandarenot
recommended.
Sticktothebase9colors.
13
TextStylesandFonts
14
TextStylesandFonts
Monotextfontissupportedbythenational
standard,butisnotrecommended.
Preferredfontsareproportionalandslantedfonts,
suchas:
RomanS
RomanD
Arial
Architecturalstylefonts
15
TitleBlocks
Thenationalstandardrecommendsthatthetitle
blockbeplacedverticallyalongtherightside
ofthesheet.
TheCADDGraphics:SheetSizes,Borders,
andTitleBlockssectionofChapter2provides
completeinformationabouttheinformation
thatshouldbepresentedinatitleblock.
Titleblockisavailablefromstudentresource
website.
16
BorderandTitleBlockpage52
17
SheetSize
Variesdependingonavarietyoffactors,
including:
Schoolorcompanystandards.
Thepurposeofthedrawing.
Thesizeofobjectsonthedrawing.
Thesizerequiredbytheuserofthedrawing.
Theabilitytoprintorplotaspecificsheetsize.
18
SheetSize
Sizeddefinedby:
AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI)
AmericanSocietyofMechanicalEngineers
(ASME)
InternationalOrganizationforStandardization
(ISO)
19
DrawingScale
Givestherelativesizeoftheobjectcomparedto
thesheetsize.
Drawingsarescaledsotheobjectrepresentedcan
beillustratedclearlyonstandardsheetsizes.
Variesastothepurpose,size,anddesireddetail.
Variesaccordingtotheareaoftheearthssurface
covered.
20
DrawingScale
Scalingisusuallydoneaspartoftheprintingor
plottingprocess.
Scalefactorallowsdrawingstobedisplayedand
plottedtoaspecificscale.
21
ScaleFactorExample
Determinethescalefactorofadrawingwitha
drawingscaleof1in.=50ft.
1. Convertthedrawingunitsintothesameunitof
measurementsastheplottedunits:
1in.=50ft.50ft.X12=600in.
1in.=600in.
2. Dividetheplottedunitsintothedrawingunits:
600in./1in.=600
Scalefactor=600
22
Convertthesescalestoscalefactors
1=20
1=10
1=10
1/2=10
1:50(metric)
23
1:240
1:120
1:12
1:24
1:50
Dimensions
Providethesizeandlocationoffeaturesonthe
drawing.
Civildraftingdimensionsaregenerallyinone
ofthefollowingformats:
Feet()andinches().
Decimalfeet.
Millimeters(mm).
Meters(m)
24
Layers
Separatedetailsofadesignordifferentdraftinginformation.
Logicalgroupingofdataforexample,allpropertylines
aredrawnaspecificlayer,alldimensionareplacedona
specificlayer,andaborderandtitleblockaredrawna
uniquelayer.
Generallydifferentcolorsandhavetheirownnames.
Linetype,lineweight,andplotcharacteristicsareassigned
tolayers.
AmericanInstituteofArchitects(AIA)CADLayer
Guidelines.
25
Layers
26
Templates
Astandardorcommonlyusedfeatureor
featuresthatarecreatedonce,andthenusedon
followingdrawings.
Templatedrawingscontainsstandard
components,values,settings,borders,title
blocks,andsymbols.
27
SymbolsBlocks
Agraphicrepresentationofafeatureorobject.
CADDsymbolsareeasytomodifyandreuse.
Classificationofsymbolsbytype:
Referencesymbols
Linesymbols
Identitysymbols
Objectsymbols
Materialsymbols
Textsymbols
28
CreatingandUsingSymbols
Studytheprocessofcreatingandusing
symbolsintheCreatingandUsingSymbols
sectionofChapter2tobetterunderstandhow
toworkwithCADDsymbols.
UseyourCADDsystemtocreateandinsert
severalcivildraftingsymbols.
29
PrintingandPlotting
Softcopythecomputersoftwareversionof
thedrawingthatyouseeonthecomputer
screen,ortheactualdatafile.
Hardcopyaphysicaldrawingproducedon
paperorsomeothermediabyaprinteror
plotter.
30
Chapter2Activities
Chapter2Test
Usinghttp://wps.prenhall.com/chet_madsen_civildrafting_7/
Createtemplates(.dwtfiles)for:
ARCHCTITLEAutoCADfile
CIVILA1TITLEAutoCADfile
CIVILA2TITLEAutoCADfile
CIVILCTITLEAutoCADfile
CIVILDTITLEAutoCADfile
IncludeCivilLayersforText,Dimensions,Borderetc.
Createattributes,dimensionstyles,etc.
Loadlinetypes.
31

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CHAPTER2

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