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Analysis
Introduction
The Equipment
The Process
Calculations
Author: J R Reid
Introduction
Often in chemistry we need to work out the
concentration of a solution. There are a number
of methods we could use, but they all involve
working out the amount of the substance in a
certain volume.
Volumetric analysis involves using volumes of
liquids to analyse a concentration. To do this we
need the following things:
A chemical of a known concentration that will react with
our unknown concentration chemical
An indicator that will tell us when all the chemical has
been reacted
A number of pieces of equipment that we can use to
measure volume accurately
The Equipment
Volumetric analysis involves a
few pieces of equipment that
you may not have seen before:
Pipette for measuring accurate and precise
volumes of solutions
Burette for pouring measured volumes of
solutions
Conical flask for mixing two solutions
Wash bottles these contain distilled water
for cleaning equipment
Funnel for transfer of liquids without
spilling
Volumetric flasks a flask used to make up
accurate volumes for solutions of known
concentration
Mean
2.
Calculations The
Unknown Amount
3.
4.
Calculations The
Unknown Concentration
5.
Example:
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Titration examples A
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
Titres: 12.1mL, 12.3mL, 12.1mL, 12.0mL
Known solution details: HCl in the burette,
Concentration = 0.522 molL-1
Unknown solution details: NaOH
15mL aliquots
Calculations:
Titration examples B
CH3COOH + NaOH NaCH3COO + H2O
Titres: 17.6mL, 18.5mL, 17.4mL, 17.5mL
Known solution details: NaOH in the burette,
Concentration = 0.103 molL-1
Unknown solution details: CH3COOH
15mL aliquots
Calculations:
Titration examples C
2HCl + Na2CO3 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
Titres: 12.8mL, 12.8mL, 12.8mL, 12.9mL
Known solution details: HCl in the burette,
Concentration = 0.555 molL-1
Unknown solution details: Na2CO3
25mL aliquots
Calculations:
Titration examples D
H2SO4 + 2NaOH Na2SO4 + 2H2O
Titres: 12.1mL, 12.3mL, 12.1mL, 12.0mL
Known solution details: NaOH in the burette,
Concentration = 1.04 molL-1
Unknown solution details: H2SO4
10mL aliquots
Calculations:
Cl + I2 + H2O
I2 + 2S2O32
2I
+ S4O62
Cl + S4O62 + H2O