Radio frequency planning

Somya Agrawal(09020541004)
Amish Daniel(09020541008)
Nikhil Girme(09020541022)
Priyesh Agrawal(09020541042)
Siddhartha Das(09020541047)
Sneha Bhadoria(09020541054)
 Cellular Communication System
ØIt provide wireless
connection from users to 2 7

PSTN or between its users. 1 6 2

3 1
ØUse “cells” in order to 5 3
6

4
increase the total capacity, 2 7 4 5
given a limited spectrum, by 1 6 2 7

re-using the frequency over 3 1 6 2

different areas. 4 5 3 1

ØUse a Handover 2 7 4 5 3

mechanism to enable an 6 2
7 4

uninterrupted call 3 1 6 2

1
connection when users 5 3
5 3
7
move from one cell to 4
7 4
2
another. 6 2
What makes Cellular Radio work?

Ø Allows frequency reuse

Ø Requires handover from one cell to the next
Ø High Quality services comparable to PSTN.
Ø Other important considerations
Ø Multipath/fading
Ø Other-user interference
Ø Spectral efficiency
Ø Quality of service

Hexagonal Cell Geometry
ØDefine coordinate axes,
U & V, at 60o angles
ØFor given frequency V
j =1

reuse plan, go i i=
2

steps in U direction
and j steps in V (1,3) (u,v)

direction U
ØNumber of cells in (2,1)

reuse pattern is
N = i + ij + j
2 2
1/ 3
 Frequency Re-use Plan
Consider closest ring
of interfering BSs
No. of cells in reuse plan:

N = i 2 + ij + j 2
i=1, j=2 for N=7

It shows that

Dco / R = 3 N
Interference and Capacity
Ø Co-ch reuse ratio, Q = (D/R)0.5 = (3N)0.5
Ø B spectrum is divided into k ch per Sel, then each
cluster has k.Nchannel. If N cluster is repeated M
times to cover the whole area/coverage, so the
total capacity is:
Ø C = M.k.N
Cluster size Q
(N)
i=1, j=1 3 3
i=1, j=2 7 4.58
i=2, j=2, etc 12 6
 An Example
If total of 33 MHz of bandwidth is allocated to a particular FDD
cellular telephone system which uses two 25 KHz simplex

channels to provide full duplex voice and control channels,

compute the number of channels available per cell if a system

uses

× 7 cell reuse
If 1 MHz of allocated spectrum is dedicated to control

channels, determine an equitable distribution of control

channels and voice channels in each cell for each of the two

systems.
Solution
 Total Bandwidth = 33 MHz
 Channel Bandwidth = 25 KHz * 2 simplex
channels = 50 kHz/ duplex channel
 Total available channels = 33,000/50
 For N= 7,
 Total no of channels available per cell
 = 660/ 7= 95
 As 1 MHz spectrum for control channels
implies that there are 1000/50 = 20
control channels out of the 660
channels available. The 660 channels
must be evenly distributed to each cell
within the cluster. The 640 voice
channels will be allocated, since the
control channels are allocated
separately as 1 per cell.
For N=7


 Four cells = 3 control + 92 voice channels

 Two cells = 3 control + 90 voice channels
 One cell = 2 control + 92 voice channels
 In practice each cell = one control channel
and 4 cells = 91 voice, 3 cells = 92 voice
channels



 THANK YOU………………….
