From MATLAB and Simulink to

Real Time with TI DSPs

Echo and Reverberation

Content developed in partnership with

Tel-Aviv University

2007 Texas Instruments Inc,

0-1

Objectives

To explain echo and reverberation.

To build Simulink models.
To test the models using the Texas
Instruments C6713 DSK with a microphone
and headphones/computer loudspeakers.

2007 Texas Instruments Inc,

Slide 2

Echo
Echo is audible because
the speed of sound is
relatively slow, about 400
meters per second.
Click on icon to listen to
echo.

Sound Source

Direct
Sound
Echo

Listener
2007 Texas Instruments Inc,

Slide 3

Block Diagram of Echo

For the time being, we will consider only one echo
path.
Output = Input + Delayed Input.
Simplified Echo
Input

Output

+
+
Delay

Gain
Delayed Input

Because of losses in the delayed path, Gain < 1.

2007 Texas Instruments Inc,

Slide 4

Equation for Simplified Echo

Simplified Echo
x(n)

y(n)

+
+
z-N

G.x(n).z -N

y (n) x(n) G x(n).z

x(n) (1 G z
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)
Slide 5

Frequency Response
The frequency response of echo can be calculated using the
following .m file.

2007 Texas Instruments Inc,

Slide 6

Frequency Response of Echo

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Slide 7

Multiple Echo Paths

A real room will have several echo paths.

Multiple Echo Paths

Input

+
Output

Delayed Input 1
Delay1

Gain1

+
+
Delayed Input 2

Delay2

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Gain2

Slide 8

Summary of Echo
The Echo output is derived solely from the
input.
Certain frequencies are attenuated.
Because the poles lie inside the unit circle,
echo is stable.

2007 Texas Instruments Inc,

Slide 9

Reverberation
Reverberation is similar to echo, but uses a slightly different configuration.
Click on the icon to hear reverberation.

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Slide 10

Reverberation on Stage
Sound reaches the microphone from both
the performer and the the loudspeakers.
Loudspeaker

Loudspeaker
Performer

Microphone

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Slide 11

Block Diagram of Reverberation

Output = Input + Delayed Output

Simplified Reverberation
Input

Output
+

Delayed Output

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Gain

Delay

Slide 12

Simplified Reverberation Equation

Simplified Reverberation
x(n)

y(n)
+

G.y(n).z-N

z -N

y ( n) x ( n) G y ( n) z
x(n) /(1 G z
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)
Slide 13

Matlab Model of Reverberation

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Slide 14

Reverberation Frequency Response

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Slide 15

Summary of Reverberation
The output is derived from both the input and the previous output.
At certain frequencies, the output will be amplified.
Because the poles lie on the unit circle, reverberation can become unstable.

2007 Texas Instruments Inc,

Slide 16

Real World Echo and Reverberation

A real room will have several echo paths.
When sound is reflected off a surface there will be coloration. Certain frequencies will be absorbed and there will be phase changes.
Therefore, a commercial echo / reverberation unit will contain many different delay paths.

2007 Texas Instruments Inc,

Slide 17

Simulink Models

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Slide 18

Simulink Model of Echo

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Slide 19

Simulink Model of Reverberation

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Slide 20

Modifications for TI C6713

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Slide 21

C6713 DSK Model of Echo

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Slide 22

Sampling and Integer Delay

The sampling
rate is 8000 Hz.
An Integer
Delay of 4000
produces a
delay time of
4000/8000 =
0.5 seconds.
2007 Texas Instruments Inc,

Slide 23

C6713 DSK Model of Reverberation

2007 Texas Instruments Inc,

Slide 24

Simulink Model of Reverberation

Using 8000 samples per second, a delay of 800

samples will take 800/8000 = 0.1 seconds (100
ms).
A Delay Gain of 0.8 has been used. This means
80% of the output is fed back into the input.
Increase this value for more reverberation, but less
stability.
Decrease this value for less reverberation, but more
stability.

2007 Texas Instruments Inc,

Slide 25

Introduction to Laboratory

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Slide 26

The Complete Simulink Model

In the Laboratory you will build a Simulink

Model for echo and reverberation.
You will be able to run different echo and
reverberation effects on the C6713 DSK.

2007 Texas Instruments Inc,

Slide 27

C6713 DSK Setup

USB to PC

Headphones

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to +5V

Microphone

Slide 28

The Complete C6713 Model

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Slide 29

DSK Switch Settings

Decimal

SW1
0

SW1
1

SW1
2

SW1
3

Up

Up

Up

Up

No Echo or Reverberation

Down Up

Up

Up

Simple Echo

Up

Down Up

Up

Reverberation

Down Down Up

Up

Multiple Path Echo

2007 Texas Instruments Inc,

Description

Slide 30

References
A Digital Signal Processing Primer by Ken
Steiglitz. ISBN 0-8053-1684-1.

2007 Texas Instruments Inc,

Slide 31