Control Techniques

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

Objectives

In this Chapter you will learn...

To Code common control statements IF, CASE, DO,

WHILE for branching as well as looping.

Control the program sequence using CONTINUE, CHECK
and EXIT.

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

Controlling the Flow of ABAP/4 Programming
The flow of an ABAP/4 program can be controlled internally
and externally.
Internal control is steered by using some standard
control keywords( IF,CASE, DO,WHILE).
These keywords are used for

branching (IF, CASE)

looping (DO, WHILE)

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

External control is steered by events . Events are

generated either from other ABAP/4 programs (system
programs or user programs) or from interactive user
input (like, for example, using the mouse to click on the
screen).

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

The general structure of ABAP/4 programs (report ) as follows

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

Programming Logical Expressions
Use logical expressions in conditions statements with key
words
IF, CHECK and WHILE to compare data fields.

comparisons with all field types

comparisons with character strings and numeric strings

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

Comparisons with all field types:
Use following operators in logical expressions for comparisons
with all field types
EQ(=)
NE(<> or ><)
LT(<)
LE(<=>)
GT(>)
GE(>=)

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

EXAMPLE:
DATA: F type f value 100.00,
P type P value 50.00 Decimals 2,
I type I value 30.00.
Write The following Logical expressions are true.
If F >=P.
Write :/F, >=, P.
Else
write :/ F,< P.
Endif.
If I EQ P
Write :/ I, EQ,P.
else.
Write: /I, NE,P.
endif.

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OUTPUT:
The following logical expressions are true:
1.000000000000000E+02 >= 50.00
30 NE

50.00

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Comparisons with character strings and Numeric strings

The following operators are used in logical expressions
CO ------Contains only
CN-------Contains not only
CA-------Contains Any
NA-------Contains not any
CS-------Contains String
NS-------Contains Not string
CP-------Contains pattern
NP-------Contains no pattern

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

'AABB' co 'AB' True

'ABCD' co 'ABC' False
'AABB' cn 'AB' False
'ABCD' cn 'ABC' True
'AXCZ' ca 'AB' True
'ABCD' ca 'XYZ' False
'AXCZ' na 'ABC' False
'ABCD' na 'XYZ' True

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

Programming Branches and Loops

Branching

Conditional branching using IF

Conditional branching using CASE

Loops

Unconditional looping using DO

Conditional loops using WHILE

Terminating Loops

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

Conditional Branching using IF

The IF statement allows you to divert the program flow to a

particular statement block, depending on a condition. This
statement block consists of all the commands which occur
between an IF statement and the next ELSEIF, ELSE, or
ENDIF statement.

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

Syntax
IF <condition1>.
<statement block>
ELSEIF <condition2>.
<statement block>
ELSEIF <condition3>.
<statement block>
.....
ELSE.
<statement block>
ENDIF.

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Example for Terminating a Loop Entirely
data: text1(30) value this is the first text,
text2(30) value this is the second text2,
text3(30) value this is the third text3.
String (5) value eco.
If text1 cs string
write /condition 1 is fulfilled.
Elseif text2 cs string
write /condition 2 is fulfilled.
Elseif text3 cs string
write /condition 3 is fulfilled.
Else .
Write / no condition is fulfilled.
output:
Condition 2 is fulfilled.

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

Conditional Branching with CASE

To execute different statement blocks depending on the
contents of particular data fields.
Note: Conditional branching using CASE is shorter form of
similar processing with IF.

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

Syntax
CASE <f>.
WHEN <f1>.
<statement block>
WHEN <f2>.
<statement block>
WHEN <f3>.
<statement block>
WHEN ...
......
WHEN OTHERS.
<statement block>
ENDCASE.

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

Example:
Data: text1 value x,
text1 value y,
text1 value z,
string value a.
CASE string.
When text1.
Write: /string is ,text1.
When text2.
Write: /string is ,text2.
When text3.
Write: /string is ,text3.
When others
Write: /string is not, text1,text2,text3.
Endcase.
Output:
String is not x y z

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Unconditional Looping using DO
If you want to process a statement block more than once, you
can program a loop with the DO statement as follows:
Syntax
DO [<n> TIMES].
<statement block>
ENDDO.
Note: Avoid endless loops when working with do statement.If
you dont use the times option, include at least EXIT,STOP or
REJECT.

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DO
Write sy-index.
If sy-index = 3.
Exit.
Endif.
ENDDO.
Output:
1

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Conditional Loops using WHILE

If you want to process a statement block more than once as
long as a condition is true, you can program a loop with the
WHILE statement as follows:
Syntax
WHILE <condition> .
<statement block>
ENDWHILE.

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Example:
data: length type I value 0,
strl
type I value 0,
string (30) type c value Test string.
Strl = strlen(string).
WHILE string NE space.
Write string(1).
Length = sy-index.
Shift string.
ENDWHILE.
Write :/strlen: , strl.
Write:/ length of string:,length.
Out put.
Test string
strlen:
11
length of string: 11

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To terminate the processing of a loop, use one of the following

keywords.
Keyword
CONTINUE
CHECK
EXIT

Purpose
Terminating a Loop Pass Unconditionally
Terminating a Loop Pass Conditionally
Terminating a Loop Entirely

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

Example for Terminating a Loop Pass Unconditionally
To terminate a loop pass immediately without any condition,
use the CONTINUE statement as follows:
DO 4 TIMES.
IF SY-INDEX = 2.
CONTINUE.
ENDIF.
WRITE SY-INDEX.
ENDDO.
This produces the following output:
1
3
4
Here, the system terminates the second loop pass without
processing the WRITE statement

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

Example For Terminating a Loop Pass Conditionally:
To terminate a loop pass conditionally, use the CHECK
statement as follows:
Syntax
CHECK <condition>.
DO 4 TIMES.
CHECK SY-INDEX BETWEEN 2 and 3.
WRITE SY-INDEX.
ENDDO.
This produces the following output:
2
3
Here, the system terminates the first and the fourth loop pass
without processing the WRITE statement because SYINDEX does not fall between 2 and 3.

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

Example For Terminating a Loop Entirely:
To terminate a loop entirely without any condition, use the EXIT
statement as follows:
Syntax
EXIT.
DO 4 TIMES.
IF SY-INDEX = 3.
EXIT.
ENDIF.
WRITE SY-INDEX.
ENDDO.
This produces the following output:
1
2
Here, the system terminates the entire loop processing in the
third loop pass without processing the WRITE statement or the
fourth loop pass.

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

SUMMARY
Comparison statements are IF and CASE.
Comparison operators like EQ,NE,LT,LE,GT,GE are used
for comparing all field types.
Special operators like CO,CN.CA,NA,CS,NS,CP and NP are
used
for comparing strings
Conditional branching using CASE is shorter form of similar
processing with IF
The loop statements are do and while.
sy-index always contains the counter for the current loop
pass. After the loop is finished, its value is reset to the value
it had when the loop began. Although you can change syindex, its value is reset with the next pass of the loop .

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

SUMMARY
Use the exit, continue, and check statements to modify
loop processing.

exit terminates loop processing and continues execution

at the first statement following the loop.

continue jumps to the end of the loop

check exp jumps to the end of the loop if exp is false.

When exp is true, check does nothing.

DON'T use check or continue within a select loop to filter

out records. Instead, use the where clause to filter them
out.

immediately

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Ex-1.
Name of your report:

Zxxxxxxx

Write a small report using CASE AND ENDCASE for the

comparison
of logical expression with the out put String is not X Y Z.
Use TEXT1, TEXT2,TEXT3 and STRING with values X, Y, Z
and A
as data declaration part.

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SOLUTION
REPORT Zxxxxxxx .
* Data declaration.
DATA: TEXT1 TYPE C VALUE 'X',
TEXT2 TYPE C VALUE 'Y',
TEXT3 TYPE C VALUE 'Z',
STRING TYPE C VALUE 'A'.

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*Logic used for case statement
uline.
write 'The CASE controll output is: '.
skip.
CASE STRING.
WHEN TEXT4 OR TEXT5.
WRITE: / 'String is', TEXT1, 'OR', TEXT2.
WHEN TEXT6.
WRITE: / 'String is', TEXT3.
WHEN OTHERS.
WRITE: / 'String is not', TEXT1, TEXT2, TEXT3.
ENDCASE.

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Ex-2.
Name of your report:

Zxxxxxxx

Write a small report using DO loop with EXIT,CHECK and

CONTINUE
statement.use SY-INDEX for writing output.
The out put should be as follows.
1

for CONTINUE statement

for CHECK statement

for EXIT

statement

ABAP/4 CONTROLLING TECHNIQUES

REPORT Zxxxxxxx .
*Terminating loop using CONTINUE key word
write 'The output for terminating loop with CONTINUE key word
is: '.
skip.
DO 4 TIMES.
IF SY-INDEX = 2.
CONTINUE.
ENDIF.
WRITE SY-INDEX.
ENDDO.
SKIP.
ULINE.

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* *Terminating loop using CHECK key word
write 'The output for terminating loop with CHECK key word is:
'.
SKIP.
DO 4 TIMES.
CHECK SY-INDEX BETWEEN 2 AND 3.
WRITE SY-INDEX.
ENDDO.
SKIP.
ULINE.

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*Terminating loop using EXIT key word
write 'The output for terminating loop with EXIT key word is: '.
SKIP.
DO 4 TIMES.
IF SY-INDEX = 3.
EXIT.
ENDIF.
WRITE SY-INDEX.
ENDDO.

Thank You