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ROUTING
TECHNIQU
ES
Muskingum Method
b.
Reservoir Routing
2.Hydraulic Routing
a.
b.
Numerical Solutions
Flow Routing
A procedure to determine
the time and magnitude of flow
at a point on a watercourse.
If the flow is a flood,
the procedure is known
as flood routing.
Applications:
Flood flow analysis
Flood Control Design
Flood Forecasting
Water Conveyance
Systems
Peak Flow Estimation
1. Channel Routing
CHANNEL ROUTING
a. MUSKINGUM METHOD
S- storage
I- input
O- output
K time constant for storage coefficient
X- weighing factor (0<X<0.5)
Wed
ge
inflow
stora
Prism
ge
stora
ge
outfl
ow
CHANNEL ROUTING
a. MUSKINGUM METHOD
Derivation of Muskingum Equation:
Prism storage = f(Ot);
Wedge storage = f(It, Ot).
Assume: Prism storage = KOt;
Wedge storage = XK (It Ot)
at t = t2, S2 = K [X I2 + (1 - X)O2]
at t = t1, S1 = K [X I1 + (1 - X)O1]
CHANNEL ROUTING
a. MUSKINGUM METHOD
CHANNEL ROUTING
a. MUSKINGUM METHOD
Procedure:
1.Knowing K and X, select an appropriate
value of t.
2.Calculate routing coefficients based on t,
K, X.
CO
C1
C2
3.Calculate
CHANNEL ROUTING
a. MUSKINGUM METHOD
FLOW RATE
Example:
CHANNEL ROUTING
10
b. RESERVOIR ROUTING
Also
CHANNEL ROUTING
11
b. RESERVOIR ROUTING
Input
12
2. Hydraulic Routing
a. St. Venant Equation
Continuity Equation :
A
Q
0
t
x
Momentum Equation :
1 Q-discharge
Q
1channel
Q2
in
A- area of
flow in the channel
A t
A x A
y
- g So - Sf 0
x
Kinematic wave
Diffusion wave
Dynamic wave
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EquationRouting
:
2.Continuity
Hydraulic
a.
A
Q
0
St.
Venant
t
x Equation
Momentum Equation :
1 Q
1 Q2
y
g
- g So - Sf 0
A t
A x A
x
Kinematic wave
Diffusion wave
Dynamic wave
Q- discharge in channel
A- area of flow in the channel
S0 bed slope
Sf fiction slope of channel
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2. Hydraulic Routing
a.
15
2. Hydraulic Routing
a.
16
2. Hydraulic Routing
Assumptions for St. Venant
Equations
Flow is one-dimensional
Hydrostatic pressure prevails and
vertical accelerations are negligible
Streamline curvature is small.
Bottom slope of the channel is small.
Mannings equation is used to
describe resistance effects
The fluid is incompressible
17
Sources:
Applied
Hydrology by Chow
Prof. T I Eldho, Dept. of Civil
Engineering, IIT Bombay
Hydrograph Routing, Department of
Geoscience, University of Nevada Las
Vegas