TYPES OF GASEOUS

FUELS

GASEOUS FUELS
Occur in nature:
natural gas
methane from coal mines
From solid fuels:
producer gas
water gas
coal gas
blast furnace gas
wood gas
gases from other gasification process

GASEOUS FUELS
From petroleum
refinery gases
liquefied petroleum gas
gases from oil gasification
process.

NATURAL GAS
In gas fields and in association with crude petroleum.
It is a mixture of paraffin hydro
carbons,ethane,methane,propane,butane and pentane.
Before natural gas can be used as a fuel, it must
undergo extensive processing to remove almost all
materials other than methane.
dry natural gas small quantities of recoverable
condensate 15g/m3
wet natural gas 50g/m3

NATURAL GAS
It contains large amount of nitrogen and
carbondioxide,small amount of helium.
Foul natural gas hydrogen sulphide is corrosive and
has a bad odour.
sweet gas hydrogen sulphide free gas.

METHANE FROM COAL MINES

Quantity varies from mine to mine.
Source of dangerous explosions in gassy
mines.
Also known as firedamp.

PRODUCER GAS
The combustible gaseous mixtures
obtained by blowing air or a mixture of
air and steam through an incandescent
bed of solid carbonaceous fuel
Low calorific value
nitrogen,carbondioxide and hydrogen.
Raw material - Bituminous coal,
anthracite and coke.

WATER GAS
Generated by gasifying solid
incandescent source of carbon in
superheated steam water gas
generator.
Blue water gas gives a blue flame
owing to the high carbon monoxide
content.

COAL GAS
High temperature carbonization of
coal I gas retorts and coke ovens
Calorific value 5000kcal/nm3homes and industries.

BLAST FURNACE GAS

Blast furnace gas is a by-product of blast furnaces that
is generated when the iron ore is reduced with coke to
metallic iron .
It has a very low heating value, about 93 BTU/cubic
foot, because it consists of about 60 percent nitrogen,
18-20% carbon dioxide and some oxygen.
Carbon reduces carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide and
decompose steam to carbon monoxide and hydrogen

BLAST FURNACE GAS

The gases remain contact with the charge in
upper part of furnaces give away the part of sensible
heat and leave the furnace top at high temperature.
The resultant gas is known as blast furnace gas.
The gas is produced at high yield
2400nm3/tone of pig iron.
Blast Furnace Gas is generated at higher pressure
and at about 100-150C in a modern Blast Furnace.
This pressure is utilized to operate a generator (Topgas-pressure Recovery Turbine -), which can generate
electrical energy up to 35 kwh/t of pig iron without
burning any fuel.

WOOD GAS
Wood gas is a syngas also known as producer gas.
Is produced by thermal gasification of biomass or
other carbon containing materials such as coal in a
gasifier or wood gas generator or producer gas .
It is the result of two high-temperature reactions
(above 700 C (1,292 F))
An exothermic reaction where carbon burns to
CO2 but is then reduced partially back to CO
(endothermic)
An endothermic reaction where carbon reacts with
steam, producing carbon monoxide (CO),
molecular hydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide (CO2).

REFINERY GAS
Refinery gas is a mixture of gases generated
during refinery processes which are used to
process crude oil into various petroleum products
which can be traded or sold.
The composition of refinery gas varies, depending on
the composition of the crude it originates from and
the processes it has been subjected to.
Common components include butanes,
butylenes, methane, ethane, and ethylene.

LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS

Out of gaseous hydrocarbons c3 and c4 compounds
can be liquefied at room temperature by the
application of moderate pressure and can therefore be
conveniently stored and transported as liquids in light
pressure vessels.
Liquefied petroleum gas is a mixture of hydrocarbon
gases used as a fuel in heating appliances and
vehicles.
And increasingly replacing chlorofluorocarbons as
an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant to reduce
damage to the ozone layer