General Physics-2 Lab - Phys (202)

Every report should include the following points:

Objective
Theory
Apparatus
Method
Results and Conclusion
Error

Ohms Law
Aim of the experiment
Verifying Ohms law and determining the
resistances.
calculate the equivalent resistance when we
connect resistors in series .
calculate the equivalent resistance when we
connect resistors in Parallel .

Theory:
When you shine a voltage between the parties to the wire of a
substance that works to give the electrons enough energy to
become free from their atoms and become a current.
Found that the current in a metal wire is directly proportional
to the voltage require constant temperatures and not to
change the properties of the wire.
The development of the German scientist George Simon Ohm
its law known as Ohm's Law, which stipulates that the ratio
between the current (I) in the wire and the voltage(V) between
the ends of the wire is a constant rate you know that the
resistance(R) require constant temperatures and not to
change the properties of the wire
V=R.I
(1)

Theory:
For series-connected resistors( figure 1),
the equivalent resistance ( Req) is
calculated using the following equation:

Req= R1+R2+R3+.......+Rn
(2)
The current I passes through the all
resistors is equal. The sum of the voltage
drop on each resistor is equal to:
V = V1+V2+V3

(3)

from Ohms law V=IR ,so that the

equation ( 3) becomes :
IReq = IR1+IR2+IR3

(4)

Req = R1+R2+R3

(5)

Figure (1)

Theory:
For parallel-connected resistors figure (2)
the equivalent resistance (Req), is
calculated using the following equation :
1Req = 1R1 + 1R2 + 1R3 ++ 1Rn
(1b)
The voltage drop V passes through all
resistors is equal . The sum of the current
passes through the all resistors is :
I = I1+I2+I3+..+In

(2b)

From ohms law I = V R ,so that the

equation ( 2b) becomes :
VReq = VR1 + VR2 + VR3 ++ V Rn
(3b)
1Req = 1R1 + 1R2 + 1R3 ++ 1Rn
(4b)

Figure (2)

Apparatus:
1 AC/DC Power supply.
2 Wires to connect the circuit.
3 Voltmeter, DC .
4 Ammeter , DC
5- Different resistors placed on a special holder

Method
-

Part I
Connect the circuit as the form which
conducts ammeter successively with
the resistor and conducts voltmeter
parallel with the resistor. As in Figure
(3)
Turn on the DC then Start to increase
voltage and then record the values of
the current.
Scored the results in table

A
+
+ V-

Figure (3)

Method

Values of R must be close or

equal to each then we find
averaged .
draw a relationship between V
and I .
determine the value of the
resistance from the slope of
straight line .
Compare the value of
resistance between the table
and figure and Must be equal.

V
0
5
10
15
20
25

Method
Part II
1-Connect the circuit as shown in the figure(1) .
2-Adjust the overall voltage of the circuit ,then measure V 1,V2
through
the resistors R1,R2 by using the voltmeter.
3- Measure the current I by using the ameter .
4- Obtain the equivalent resistance practically R from ohms law
R= VI and to find out:
R1=V1I, R2 = V2I ,then Req=R1+R2
5-Calculate the equivalent resistance theoretically R eq=R1+R2 .
6- Compare resistance practically with resistance theoretically .

Method
Part III
1- Connect the circuit as shown in the figure(2) .
2- Measure the current I and the voltage V as given in the table below.

R1
R2
4- Obtain the equivalent resistance practically R from
R1=V/I1, R2=V/I2, then Req=R1 R2/(R1+R2)
5- Calculate resistance value equivalent R eq mathematically using the
equation
Req=R1 R2/(R1+R2)
6- Compare between the practical results and calculated value.

Results:
Part I
1- The table
2- The figure

Results:
Part II
Determined Req experimentally:
1- Req= VI =

V pass through two resistors , I equal

R1= V1I =
, R2= V2I =

V1 in the R1,V2 in the R2 , then Req=R1+R2 =

Calculated Req :
Req=R1+R2 =

Note Both values of Req must be the same .

Results:
Part III
Enter the resistance values into the table for each
of the circuits.
Calculate the total resistance Req of the circuit from
the law of parallel connection of resistors;
Req=R1 R2/(R1+R2)
Calculate the total current using 1st law of
Kirchhoff: Ieq = I1 + I2 .