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Read ADE 1, PP 21
Drilling Engineering
Oil and Gas Drilling in the Los Angeles Area Then and
Now
Signal Hill oil field at Atlantic and 28th Streets, circa 1930. Courtesy of the Long Beach
Public Library Collection
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Rig Counts
Rig count tracks industry-wide rigs engaged in
drilling and related operations, which include
drilling, logging, cementing, coring, well testing,
fishing, waiting on weather, running casing, and
blowout preventer (BOP) testing.
The petroleum industry has used rig counts to
guage the health of the industry a climbing rig
counts pointed to a better time ahead. It is also a
measurement of the industrys confidence in its
future.
We work in a industry that relies on the drilling rig.
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Unconventional Reservoirs
Holditch, 2005
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Industrial Activities
Woodford Shale Gas
Madison 1H-15W the well had a lateral length of
9,983 feet and was completed with 20 fracture
stimulation stages. The well had initial production of
13.5 MMcf/d with about 25% of the frac load
recovered.
Martin 1H-15E - the well had a lateral length of 9,405
feet and was completed with 19 fracture stimulation
stages. The well had initial production of 13.5
MMcf/d with about 15% of the frac load recovered.
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Steps in Drilling
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Summary
We need a rig to drill wells worldwide,
then and now, on land and offshore, on
earth or on Mars.
Rig counts may be used to gauge the
health and confidence of the industry.
Resources are down there, not out any
time soon.
More challenging to recover
economically.
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Question
Unconventional resources could not be
found in shallow (less than 3,000 ft)
formations since these formations
were explored for decades by now.
A. Yes
B. No
C. Can not be determined
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Question
Steps in well drilling do not include
To obtain well permit
To conduct geological and
geophysical studies
To modify drilling program during
drilling
To build drilling equipment
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Fig. 1.5
Classification of
rotary drilling
rigs
Noble
Drillings
Cecil
Forbes
A JackUp Rig
Sonats
George
Washington
A SemiSubmersible
Rig
Zapatas
Trader
A
Drillship
Shells
Auger
Tension
Leg
Platform
Shells
Bullwinkle
Worlds tallest
offshore
structure
1,353 water
depth
Production
began in 1989
45,000 b/d
80MM scf/d
Fig. 1.4
The
rotary
drilling
process
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Drilling Rigs
Whether the rigs are offshore or onshore, they
have the same basic structure and use the same
equipment.
The purpose of the rotary rig is to drill a hole to a
predetermined depth. Hopefully, pass through
several oil and gas bearing formations.
Drilling fluids are pumped through the drill pipe
to the bit and then back up to surface.
The drilling fluid is mixed, usually with water with
chemicals, in a chemical tank, then pulled from
the mud pit, pumped from a stand pipe and
rotary hose to a swivel that is attached to a kelly,
which is itself attached to the drill pipe.
Derrick
Drawworks
Mud Pumps
Drillstring
Mud System
Blowout Preventer
Power Plant
Question
To select power system of a drilling rig,
one needs to consider
Weight of the drill string
Types of drill bit
Types of formation
Weather
Making
a
Connection
Making
a
Trip
Moving Kelly
to Single in
Mousehole
Stabbing
the Pipe
Single
Added.
Ready to
Drill
Making a trip
Why
trip?
Put Kelly in
Rathole
Use
Elevators
for
tripping
Tripping
one stand
at a time
60-90 ft
Fig. 1.13
Engine
power
output
P=F.V
Engine speed
diesel
gasoline
butane
methane
Density
(lbm/gal)
7.2
6.6
4.7
---
Heating Value
(Btu/lbm)
19,000
20,000
21,000
24,000
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Example 1.1
(no friction)
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Question
With more strings between the blocks,
the derrick load could be less than the
weight of the drill string during a trip.
A. Yes
B. No
C. Unknown
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A Rotary Rig
Hoisting System
Fig. 1.17
Projection of Drilling
Lines on Rig Floor
E = overall efficiency
When there is no friction,
E = 1.00
TOTAL
Load on Derrick
(considering friction in sheaves)
Derrick Load = Hook Load
+ Fast Line Load
+ Dead Line Load
Fd = W + Ff + Fs
Fd
W
W
1 E En
W
=
W
En
n
En
E = overall efficiency, e.g., E = en = 0.98n
e = individual sheave efficiency
n = number of lines
Example 1.2
A rig must hoist a load of 300,000 lbf. The
drawworks can provide an input power to the
block and tackle system as high as 500 hp.
Eight lines are strung between the crown block
and traveling block. Calculate
1. The static tension in the fast line
when upward motion is impending,
2. the maximum hook horsepower
available,
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