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NIGERIA & BOKO HARAM

A Homegrown Terror Network

Rohit Agrawal
Rohit Ranavat
Anirudh Nigania

Introduction

Boko Haram - Statistics


8000
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000

Boko Haram
Total Social Violence

2000
1000
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

29,600 killings that have taken place due to Social violence in


Nigeria, 11,100 out of them have been due to Boko Haram

Human Rights Perspective

Recruitment and Use of Children

Witnesses describe the presence of children carrying AK 47 rifles, a


few as young as 12, in the ranks of Boko Haram.
Several children aged 15 - 17 manning checkpoints for the Civilian
Joint Task Force, working with security forces within several towns
in Borno State

Recruitment and Use of Children


Duties of the Children as a part of Boko Haram
Intelligence gathering
Tracking the movements of the security forces
Transporting guns
Burning down schools and churches
Providing information before attacks

Nigeria is party to the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on
the involvement of children in armed conflicts.
Under Nigerias 2003 Child Act, the government is required to ensure that no child is
directly involved in any military operations or hostilities.

Prohibition of Education

300 Schools burnt


10,000 students deprived of education
In July last year 42 pupils and teachers were killed while a government school was
burned down

Abduction of School Girls


#BringBackOurGirls

Abduction of more than 200 schoolgirls in Nigeria


Instead of learning to read, young women are married off in their teens
Leader Abubakar Shekau claims that these school girls have been married
and thus has converted them to Islam

Freedom of Religion
Freedom of religion or Freedom of belief is a principle that
supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or
private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice,
worship, and observance.
Boko Haram has denied people in Nigeria the write to freedom.

In December 2014 Boko Haram militants killed civilians , and the footage
showed one of the leaders saying that they were killed because they were
infidels or non-believers

Freedom of Religion
Boko Haram is a Sunni Jihadi group that imposes strict Shariah
law, and who so ever isnt following the laws are being
massacred in mass numbers.
Boko Haram is infringing upon people right to religion because it
wants to convert Nigeria into an Islamic state.

Targeting, Abusing Christian Women


A recent study has showed that more than 45 % of those killed by
Boko Haram are Christian Women and others.
Those being abducted are being forced to cook and clean for the
group and many are even converted to Islam .

In August 2013, a Christian student reported an attack by boko haram at her


university in which, men were murdered, women segregated into Muslim and
non-Muslim, & the Christian women systematically raped.

Sexual Orientation and Gender


Identity

Nigerias Penal Code punishes consensual homosexual conduct


with up to 14 years in prison.

Shariah laws as adopted by boko haram criminalize


consensual homosexuals with caning, imprisonment or death
by stoning.

In May 2013, Nigerian government passed the same sex marriage bill
(prohibiting same sex marriage). In addition the bill seeks to impose prison
sentence on Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex (LGBTI).

Interference with Privacy, Family,


Home

Nigerian Authorities too infringed upon these rights as a reaction to


the attacks by Boko Haram.

Security Forces raided homes of people without any search


warrants.

Security Forces arrested and detained the family members of


suspected Boko Haram militants.

Right to Life
The right to life is a moral principle based on the belief that a
human being has the right to live and, in particular, should not to be
unfairly killed by another human being.

Violation of Right to Life


Arbitrary arrest or Detention
Prison and detention center conditions remained harsh and life
threatening.
Female prisoners pregnant at the time of imprisonment gave birth
to and raised their babies in prison.
Boko Haram suspects were also held in facilities throughout the
country, including reportedly in inhumane conditions at the Special
Anti-Robbery Squad detention center, also known as the abattoir,
in Abuja. All these clearly show the violation of inherent right to life.
These and other practices such as arresting a relation as substitute
for wanted suspect, apart from being a human right violation,
create indelible negative impression of police among the victims of
this practices
Although the law prohibits the imprisonment of children, minors-many of whom were born there--lived in the prisons.

Violation of Right to a Fair Trial


The law requires that even under a state of emergency, detainees must
be brought before a magistrate within 48 hours and have access to
lawyers and family members. There were no reports that government
and security officials adhered to this regulation without bribery
Provision of bail often remained arbitrary or subject to extrajudicial
influence. Judges often set conditions of bail too stringent to be met.

Although the constitution and law provide for an independent


judiciary, the judicial branch remained susceptible to pressure from
the executive and legislative branches and the business sector.

Facts
A 2006 report on the rights and welfare of children from the Federal
Ministry of Womens Affairs to the African Union found an
estimated 6,000 children lived in prisons and detention centers.
During a June 2012 visit to prisons in Enugu State and Owerri, Imo
State, an observer noted that cells designed for 20 inmates held 80.
For example, the Owerri Federal Prison had the capacity to hold
548 prisoners but held more than 1,784.

Right to Express ( Media, Speech )


Freedom of speech is the political right to communicate one's
opinions and ideas. The term freedom of expression is sometimes
used synonymously, but includes any act of seeking, receiving and
imparting information or ideas, regardless of the medium used

Violation of the Right to Express


Security forces detained and harassed journalists, sometimes for
reporting on sensitive problems such as political corruption and
security
Reporting in northern Nigeria is notoriously difficult. Journalists have
been targeted by Boko Haram, and, unlike in Paris, people on the
ground are isolated and struggle with access to the internet and other
communications.

A Recent Example
In Nigeria, another crisis was unfolding, as reports came through of
an estimated 2,000 casualties after an attack by Boko Haram
militants on the town of Baga in the north-eastern state of Borno.

Conclusion

Nigerian leaders and the international community can and must do much
more to resolve this crisis and change their weak response to date

Thank You

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