BIOLOGY

CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS

Fourth Edition
Neil A. Campbell Jane B. Reece Lawrence G. Mitchell Martha R. Taylor

CHAPTER 1
Introduction:
The Scientific Study of Life
Modules 1.4 1.6
From PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

EVOLUTION, UNITY, AND DIVERSITY

1.4 The diversity of life can be arranged into three
domains
Grouping organisms by fundamental features
helps make the vast diversity of life manageable
for study
Scientists classify organisms into a hierarchy of
broader and broader groups

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 Most classification schemes group organisms

into three domains:
Domain Bacteria

Domain Archaea

Figure 1.4A, B
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 Domain Eukarya

Figure 1.4C-F
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

1.5 Unity in diversity: All forms of life have

common features
All organisms share a set of common features,
signs of unity in lifes vast diversity
All are made of cells
All have DNA as
their genetic
blueprint

These orchids show

the variety possible
within one species
Figure 1.5A
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 DNA is made of chemical units called

nucleotides
Each species has its own nucleotide sequence

Figure 1.5B

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 The genetic information in DNA underlies all of

the features that distinguish life from nonlife
Order and regulation
Growth and development
Use of energy from the environment
Response to environmental stimuli
Ability to reproduce
Evolutionary change

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

1.6 Evolution explains the unity and diversity of

life
Charles Darwin is a central figure in biology
He synthesized the theory of evolution by
natural selection
A theory in science is a
comprehensive idea with
broad explanatory power

Evolution is the core theme

of biology
Figure 1.6A
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 The theory of
natural selection
explains the
main mechanism
whereby all
species of
organisms
change, or evolve

(1) Population with varied inherited traits

(2) Elimination of individuals with certain traits

Figure 1.6B
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

(3) Reproduction of survivors

 Evolution happens when populations of

organisms with inherited variations are
exposed to environmental factors that favor the
success of some individuals over others
Natural selection is the editing mechanism
Evolution is based on adaptations

Figure 1.6C
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings