CORONAVIRUS

(SARS VIRUS)

Reported by: Steven G. Caya

Classification

Group: Group 1V (+) ssRNA

Order: Nidovirales

Family: Coronaviridae

Subfamily: Coronavirinae

Genus: Coronavirus

Species: Sars virus

Morphology:

:
Morphology:

Virion:
spherical

enveloped particles studded with clubbed spikes.

120-160nm in diameter.
coiled helical nucleocapsid or nucleocapsid shell.

Genome:
Linear, single-stranded
Positive

RNA

strand
27-32kb, non-segmented, capped and polyadenylated infectious

Envelope:
- large, widely spaced, club or petal-shaped, spikes.
Replication:
-cytoplasm, particles mature by budding into the
endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus.
It is the largest known RNA virus genomes.
Bats are probable reservoir host.
It tend to move from host species into new species.

Replication Process:

Replication Process:

Virions bind to specific receptor glycoproteins or glycans via the

spikes protein. Penatration and uncoating occur by S proteinmediated fusion of the viral envelope with the plasma membrane
or endosomal membranes.
Gene 1 of viral genomic RNA is translated into a polyprotein,
which is processed to yield the transcriptase-replicase complex.
Genomic RNA is used as a template to synthesized negativestranded RNAs, which are used to synthesize full-length genomic
RNA and subgenomic mRNAs.

Continue

Each mRNA is translated to yield only the protein encoded by the

5 end of the mRNA, including nonstructural proteins. The N
protein and newly synthesized genomic RNA assemble to form
helical nucleocapsids.

Membrane glycoprotein M is inserted in the endoplasmic

reticulum and anchored in the golgi apparatus. Nucleocapsid (N
plus genomic RNA) binds to M protein at the budding
compartment(ERGIC).

Continue..

E and M proteins interact to trigger the budding of virions,

enclosing the nucleocapsid. S and HE glycoproteins are
glycosylated and trimerized, associate with M protein, and are
incorporated into the maturing virus particles.

Virions are released by exocytosis-like fusion of vesicles with the

plasma membrane. Virions may remains adsorbed to the plasma
membranes of infected cells. The entire cycle of coronavirus
replication occurs in the cytoplasm.

Pathogenesis:
Disease:
SARS

Also known as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.

It is a serious form of pneumonia.
It is a viral respiratory disease of zoonotic origin caused by SARSCoV.
It was first reported in ASIA(China) in February 2003 and spread to
more than two dozen countries in North America, South America,
Europe and Asia.

Signs and Symptoms:

Cough
Difficulty in breathing
Fever greater than 100.4 degrees F(38.0 degrees C)
Chills
Shaking
Headache

Runny nose
Sore throat
Muscle ache
Diarrhea
Dizziness
Nausea and

vomiting

Modes of Transmission:
Direct contact or close person-to-person contact
Airborne or Inhalation
Contaminated stool
Animal to human transmission

Incubation Period:
2 days to 5 days, symptoms usually last about 1 week.

Laboratory diagnosis:

Antigen and Nucleic Acid Detection

PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction)

Isolation and Identification of Virus

Serological Tests

ELISA test
Indirect Immunofluorescent antibody assay
Hemagglutination test
RIA(Radioimmuno assay)

References:

Acheson NH: Fundamentals of molecular virology. 2nd edition.

John Wiley and son Inc. 2011; Pp. 159-171.
Brooks GF, Butel JS, Carroll KC, Mietzner TA, Morse SA:
Jawetz, Melnick & Adelbergs Medical microbiology. 26th edition
The McGraw-Hill Companies Inc. 2013; Pp.613-617.
En.wikipedia.org/wiki/sars-coronavirus.com

The END!!!