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TOBY CLARK BSc FIOSH
AIEMA MCot Cert Ed
MODULE 4
Mechanical Hazards
BS EN 292
Crushing caused when part of the body is caught between
either two moving parts of machinery or a moving part and a
stationary object
Shearing When two or more machine parts move
towards/past one another a trap is created. Can result in a
crush injury or amputation e.g. power presses, guillotines,
scissor lifts
Cutting/severing Saw blades, knives and even rough edges,
especially when moving at high speed. Can result in serious
cuts or amputation e.g. saws, slicing machines, abrasive
cutting discs
Proximity
sensor
Light curtains at
a weaving
machine
Rotating
light curtain
Rotating light curtain
Mechanical Hazards
Entanglement caused by revolving parts of
machine. Risk increased by loose clothing,
jewellery, long hair etc. E.g. couplings, drill
chucks/bits, flywheels, spindles and shafts
(especially those with keys/bolts)
Drawing in/trapping caused when a belt runs
round a roller e.g. conveyors
Impact caused by objects which strike the body
but do not penetrate
Blade guard
Width setter
Circular saw
Abrasive wheel
Lathe
Mechanical Hazards
Stabbing/puncture/ejection The body may be
penetrated by flying objects such as broken pieces of
machinery or sharp pieces of machinery (drill bits) or
ejection of material (swarf/sparks)
Friction/abrasion Friction burns or abrasion injuries
can be caused by coming into contact with smooth
surfaces moving at high speed (grinding wheel)
High pressure fluid injection Injection of fluids
through the skin. Air or hydraulic oil entering the blood
stream through the skin may be fatal. Immediate
medical assistance is essential
Danger zone
Reference plane
a
c
Protective Structure
Door with
interlocks
Dual Electrical
Interlock with
cross-monitoring
Adjustable guard
PTO
Riving knife
Emergency stops
Light curtains
Push stick
Non-mechanical hazards
Electricity power generated at a variety of
voltages, alternating/direct current, stored
energy, static electricity, batteries (chemical)
High/low temperature Many processes
rely on the input of high or low temperature
as part of the process or process may evolve
high or low temperatures
Non-mechanical hazards
Radiation may be ionising or nonionising
Hazardous substances may be part of the
process, evolved or introduced along with
materials by mistake e.g. vapours released
or substances carried on materials from a
prior process
Non-mechanical hazards
Noise noise sources from equipment may be
from such things as bearings that are loose or
worn, materials falling into or out of equipment or
from air exhausted from equipment
Vibration vibration may be designed as part of
the process or a result of moving parts of the
equipment such as conveyor systems and rotating
parts