KNOWLEDGE CREATION

Presented by
Asish Oommen Mathew
2/17/15

Contents

Introduction
Knowledge Management
Data, Information & Knowledge
Nonakas Knowledge Creation Model
Illustration of Knowledge Creation
Conclusion

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Introduction
INDUSTRIAL
SOCIETY

LAND
LABOUR
CAPITAL

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KNOWLEDGE
SOCIETY

CREATIVITY
INFORMATION

KNOWLEDGE
INNOVATION
MANAGEMENT
INTELLECTUAL
CAPITAL

Figure 1 - The industrial & knowledge society (Adapted from Drucker, 1994).
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Knowledge Management
Knowledge management (KM) is essentially about getting the
right knowledge to the right person at the right time (Dell &
Grayson, 1998).
Focuses on ways of sharing and storing the knowledge of
individuals, as a means of improving the competency, speed,
efficiency - and profitability - of the larger whole (Low &
Mohammed, 2005).

A concerted effort to improve how knowledge is created, delivered

and used ( Davenport et. al., 2008 )
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Knowledge Management.(contd)
People
Technologies
Processes

Figure 2 - The KM triad (Massey et. al., 2002)

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- Knowledge Creation
- Knowledge Storage
- Knowledge Retrieval
- Knowledge Transfer
- Knowledge Application
(Alavi & Leidner, 2001)
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Data, Information and Knowledge

KNOWLEDGE

INFORMATION

DATA

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I will select the following

subject this semesterbecause I
need to understand

Open electives for semester 4:

2920020 Knowledge Management
2920299 Human Resource Management

...
2920020
2920021

29127
29142

29889
29120
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Knowledge (Davenport & Prusak, 1998)

..a fluid mix of framed experience, contextual
information, values and expert insight that provides a
framework for evaluating and incorporating new
experiences and information."
Is embedded in

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documents
organizational routines
processes
practices
norms
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Knowledge Creation (Nonaka, 1991)

Knowledge
creation
according
to
the
Nonaka's SECI model is about continuous
transfer, combination, and conversion of
the different
types of knowledge, as users
practice, interact, and learn.
Types of Knowledge
Explicit knowledge
formal and systematic
expressed in words and numbers
formula, sound, pictures
Tacit knowledge
mental models, beliefs, perceptions
Insight, hunch, intuition
not easily visible or expressible
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"We can know more than we can tell"

Nonakas Model of Knowledge Creation

TACIT TO TACIT
(SOCIALIZATION)

e.g.,Individualand/orTeam
Discussions

EXPLICIT TO TACIT
(INTERNALIZATION)

e.g.,Learnfromareport
andDeducenewideas

TACIT TO EXPLICIT
(EXTERNALIZATION)
e.g.,DocumentingaTeam
Meeting

EXPLICIT TO EXPLICIT
(COMBINATION)

e.g.,CreateaWebsitefrom
someformofexplicit
knowledge;EmailaReport

9 1991)
Figure 3 Knowledge Creation Model (Nonaka,

Illustration of Knowledge Creation in Healthcare

sector (Wickramasinghe, 2006)
Example of explicit knowledge stored in medication data repository :-

able 1: Drugs administered to patients

Patient ID
1
2
3
4
5

Drug
D1 D2
,D3, D4, D5
D3,D1 D2
D3,, D5,
D1
D5,D2

D1
: 60% of patients (i.e., 3/5)
D1 and D2
: 40% of the patients (i.e., 2/5)
D2 when D1 was given : 67% of the patients (i.e., 2/3)
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Illustration of Knowledge Creation in Healthcare

sector....(Contd)
D1
: 60% of patients (i.e., 3/5)
D1 and D2
: 40% of the patients (i.e., 2/5)
D2 when D1 was given
: 67% of the patients (i.e., 2/3)

Physicians understanding
D2 has to be given with D1 for patients who had a heart attack
at age 40 or less.
Knowledge added to the knowledge repository:
If a patients age is 40 years and the patient had a heart attack
and D1 is administered to the patient, then D2 should also be
administered to that patient.
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Illustration of Knowledge Creation in

Knowledge
Spiral Actualized
Healthcare
sector....(Contd)
EXPLICIT

EXPLICIT
PatientID

Drug

D1,D2

D3,D4,D5

D3,D1,D5

D5,D3,D1

D5,D2

COMBINATION

EXPLICIT

D1 is administered to 60% of the patients.

D1 and D2 are administered together to
40% of the patients.
D2 is administered to 67% of the patients
who are given drug D1.

TACIT

D1 is administered to 60% of the patients.

D1 and D2 are administered together to
40% of the patients.
D2 is administered to 67% of the patients
who are given drug D1.

INTERNALISATION

EXPLICIT

TACIT

If a patients age is <= 40 years

and the patient had a heart attack
and D1 is administered to the
patient, then D2 should also be
administered to that patient.

EXTERNALISATION
Th
e

TACIT
SOCIALISATION

Kn

ow

led

ge

Sp
ir

al

TACIT

Figure 4
Knowledge Spiral
in Healthcare
(Wickramasinghe,
2006)

Conclusion
In todays knowledge based economy, sustainable strategic
advantages are gained more from an organisations
knowledge assets than from its more traditional types of
assets.
Knowledge Management enables an organization to manage
its manage its knowledge assets effectively.
Conditions to stimulate Nonakas knowledge transfer modes
should be provided for generating new knowledge in an
organization.
Knowledge Creation is the key to sustaining a competitive
advantage in todays market environment.
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References

Alavi, M., & Leidner, D. E. (2001). Review: Knowledge management and knowledge
management systems: Conceptual foundations and research issues. MIS quarterly, 25(1), 107136.
Davenport, T. H., Prusak, L., & Strong, B. (2008). Putting ideas to work: Knowledge
management can make a differencebut it needs to be more pragmatic. Sloan Management
Review, 33(1), 11-17.
Drucker, P. (1988). Coming of the new organization. Harvard Business Review, 66(1), 45-53.
Low, L. S. W., & Mohammed, A. H. (2005). The development of knowledge sharing culture in
construction industry. In Proceedings Of The 4th Micra Conference, Faculty of the Built
Environment, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Massey, A., Montoya-Weiss, M. and ODriscoll, T. (2002). Knowledge management in pursuit
of performance: insights from Nortel networks. MIS Quarterly, 26(3), 269289.
Nonoaka, Ikujiro. (1991). The Knowledge Creating Company. Harvard Business Review,
69(6), 96-104.
ODell, C., & Grayson, C. J. (1998). If only we knew what we know. California management
review, 40(3), 154-174.

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Thank you.

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