AR 4.

5 BUILDING SERVICES - II:

ELECTRICAL SERVICES:
Unit III:
Electric Layouts:
Electrical symbols, NBC,
preparation of layouts for residences, offices,
construction and working of at least six domestic
appliances, location in buildings. Types of electric
motors and pumps.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
ONE WAY SWITCH:

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
TWO WAY SWITCH:

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
PUSH BUTTON:

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
SOCKET OUTLETS: 6A

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
SOCKET OUTLETS: 16A

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
SOCKET OUTLETS: COMBINED SWITCH AND
SOCKET OUTLET, 6A

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
SOCKET OUTLETS: COMBINED SWITCH AND
SOCKET OUTLET, 16A

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
LAMPS AND LIGHTING APPARATUS:
LAMP OR OUTLET FOR LAMP.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
LAMPS AND LIGHTING APPARATUS:
LAMP, MOUNTED ON A CEILING.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
LAMPS AND LIGHTING APPARATUS:
COUNTER WEIGHT LAMP FIXTURE.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
LAMPS AND LIGHTING APPARATUS:
CHAIN LAMP FIXTURE.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
LAMPS AND LIGHTING APPARATUS:
LAMP FED
FROM VARIABLE VOLTAGE
SUPPLY.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
LAMPS AND LIGHTING APPARATUS:
EMERGENCY LAMP.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
LAMPS AND LIGHTING APPARATUS:
PANIC LAMP.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
LAMPS AND LIGHTING APPARATUS:
BULK HEAD LAMP.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
LAMPS AND LIGHTING APPARATUS:
PROJECTOR.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
LAMPS AND LIGHTING APPARATUS:
SPOT LIGHT.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
LAMPS AND LIGHTING APPARATUS:
FLOOD LIGHT.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
LAMPS AND LIGHTING APPARATUS:
FLOURESCENT LAMP.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
ELECTRICAL APPLICANCES:
GENERAL.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
ELECTRICAL APPLICANCES:
HEATER.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
ELECTRICAL APPLICANCES:
STORAGE TYPE ELECTRIC WATER HEATER.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
BELLS, BUZZERS AND SIRENS:
BELL.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
BELLS, BUZZERS AND SIRENS:
BUZZER.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
BELLS, BUZZERS AND SIRENS:
SIREN.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
BELLS, BUZZERS AND SIRENS:
HORN OR HOOTER.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
FANS:
CEILING FAN.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
FANS:
BRACKET / WALL MOUNTED FAN.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
FANS:
EXHAUST FAN.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
FANS:
FAN REGULATOR.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
TELECOMMUNICATION APPARATUS:
SOCKET
OUTLET
TELECOMMUNICATIONS.

FOR

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
TELECOMMUNICATION APPARATUS:
AERIAL.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
TELECOMMUNICATION APPARATUS:
LOUD SPEAKER.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
TELECOMMUNICATION APPARATUS:
TELEVISION RECEIVING SET.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
TELECOMMUNICATION APPARATUS:
CONTROL BOARD FOR PUBLIC ADDRESS
SYSTEM.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
FIRE ALARMS:
MANUAL OPERATED FIRE ALARM.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
FIRE ALARMS:
AUTOMATIC FIRE DETECTOR SWITCH.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
FIRE ALARMS:
BELL CONNECTED TO FIRE ALARM SWITCH.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
FIRE ALARMS:
FIRE ALARM INDICATOR.

ELECTRICAL SYMBOLS:
EARTHING:
EARTH POINT.

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES:
Electricity completely surrounds us -- For most of
us, modern life would be impossible without it.
Here are just a few examples:
Throughout your house, you probably find
electrical outlets where you can plug in all sorts of
electrical appliances.
Most portable devices contain batteries, which
produce varying amounts of electricity depending
on their size.
During a thunderstorm, there are huge bolts of
electricity called lightning that shoot down from the
sky.
It is easy to create electricity from sunlight using
a solar cell or you can create electricity from the
chemical energy in hydrogen and oxygen using a

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES:
What is this mysterious stuff that we call
electricity?
Where does it come from, and why is it able to do
so many different things?
The electricity that we get from power outlets and
batteries can power all different kinds of devices.
The fact is that electricity can be used in a
thousand different ways. For example:
Electric Motors turn electricity into motion.
Light bulbs, florescent lamps and LEDs turn
electricity into light.
Computers turn electricity into information.
Telephones turn electricity into communication.

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES:
TVs

turn electricity into moving pictures.

Speakers turn electricity into sound waves.
Toasters and Hair Dryers and space heaters turn
electricity into heat.
Radios turn electricity into electromagnetic waves
that can travel millions of miles.
X-ray machines turn electricity into X-rays.
It is hard to imagine modern people living without
electricity. In electricity's absence, we end up
reverting back to fireplaces for heat, wood-fired
stoves for cooking, candles for light and the slide
rules for computation. To talk over long distances
we are left with smoke signals and postcards.

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES:
You can attach a load of any type (a light bulb, a
motor, a TV, etc.) in the middle of the circuit. The
source of electricity will power the load, and the
load will do its thing (create light, spin a shaft,
generate moving pictures, etc.).

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES:
Moving electrons have energy. As the electrons
move from one point to another, they can do work.
In an incandescent light bulb, for example, the
energy of the electrons is used to create heat, and
the heat in turn creates light. In an electric motor,
the energy in the electrons creates a magnetic
field, and this field can interact with other magnets
(through magnetic attraction and repulsion) to
create motion. Each electrical appliance harnesses
the energy of electrons in some way to create a
useful side effect.

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES:
The most commonly used DOMESTIC APPLIANCES:
REFRIGERATOR:
In todays context it is no more
a luxury but a necessity.
The efficiency increases if it is
properly ventilated. It should
not be
enclosed from all sides.
Defrost your refrigerator so ice
doesnt build up on the coils.
It should not be used on
Invertor.

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES:
The most commonly used DOMESTIC APPLIANCES:
WASHING MACHINE:
In todays context it is still a
luxury.
It should not be used on
Invertor.
Even if a separate circuit is not
provided, it is permissible to
have
some light points along
with its circuit.

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES:
The most commonly used DOMESTIC APPLIANCES:
MICROWAVE OVEN:
In todays context it is still a luxury.
The efficiency increases if it is properly ventilated.
It should not be enclosed from all sides.
It should not be used on Invertor.

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES:
The most commonly used DOMESTIC APPLIANCES:
WATER HEATER:
In todays context it is still a luxury.
It should not be used on Inverter.
There has to be a separate dedicated circuit for
this and no looping is allowed from this circuit.

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES:
The most commonly used DOMESTIC APPLIANCES:
AIR CONDITIONER:
In todays context it is still a luxury.
It should not be used on Invertor.
There has to be a separate dedicated circuit for
this and no looping is allowed from this circuit.

ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES:
The most commonly used DOMESTIC APPLIANCES:
MIXER, WET GRINDER, FOOD PROCESSOR
ETC.,:
In todays context it is no more a luxury but a
necessity.
It should not be used on Invertor.
It is advisable to have a separate circuit for all the
plug points in kitchen wherein the Microwave Oven
and all these appliances can be plugged for use.

ELECTRIC MOTORS:
What is an Electric Motor?

Electromechanical device that converts

electrical energy to mechanical energy

Mechanical energy used to e.g.

Rotate pump impeller, fan, blower
Drive compressors
Lift materials

Motors in industry: 70% of electrical load

ELECTRIC MOTORS:
How Does an Electric Motor Work?

ELECTRIC MOTORS:
AC Motors:

Electrical current reverses direction

Two parts: stator and rotor

Stator: stationary electrical component
Rotor: rotates the motor shaft

Speed difficult to control

Two types
Synchronous motor
Induction motor

ELECTRIC MOTORS:
AC Motors Induction motor:

Most common motors in industry

Advantages:
Simple design
Inexpensive
High power to weight ratio
Easy to maintain
Direct connection to AC power source

ELECTRIC MOTORS:
AC Motors Induction motor:
Components

Rotor

Squirrel cage:
conducting bars
in parallel slots

Wound rotor: 3-phase,

double-layer, distributed
winding

Stator
Stampings with slots to carry 3-phase
windings
Wound for definite number of poles

ELECTRIC MOTORS:
AC Motors Induction motor:
How induction motors work

Electricity supplied to stator

Magnetic field generated that moves

around rotor

Current induced in rotor

Rotor produces second

Electromagnetics

magnetic field that

opposes stator magnetic
field

Rotor begins to rotate

Rotor
Stator

ELECTRIC MOTORS:
AC Motors Induction motor:

Single-phase induction motor

One stator winding
Single-phase power supply
Squirrel cage rotor
Require device to start motor
3 to 4 HP applications
Household appliances: fans,
washing machines, dryers

ELECTRIC MOTORS:
AC Motors Induction motor:

Three-phase induction motor

Three-phase supply produces
magnetic field
Squirrel cage or wound rotor
Self-starting
High power capabilities
1/2 to hundreds HP applications:
pumps, compressors, conveyor
belts, grinders
70% of motors in industry!

ELECTRIC MOTORS:
Efficiency of Electric Motors:
Factors that influence efficiency
Age
Capacity
Speed
Type
Temperature
Rewinding
Load

ELECTRIC MOTORS:
Efficiency of Electric Motors: