Present System Verb

Review
2014

Verbs
Verbs tell what a subject IS or
DOES.
Verbs also indicate the time, or
TENSE, of an action. For
example: past, present, future.
Verbs have 3 PERSONS in both
the singular and plural:

Reviewing Verb
Conjugations
1st conjugation verbs have o, -are as their
dictionary endings like amo, amare.
2nd conjugation verbs have eo, -ere as
their dictionary endings like doceo, docere.

Reviewing Verb
Conjugations
rd

3 conjugation verbs have o, -ere as their

dictionary endings like pono, ponere.
3rd io verbs have io, -ere as their
dictionary endings like capio, capere.
4th conjugation verbs have io, -ire as their
dictionary endings like audio, audire.

Verbs: Persons
Singular
1st person
2nd person
(yall )
3rd person
they

Plural

I
you
he, she, it

we
you

In the active voice, the subject

PERFORMS THE ACTION of the verb.

Puellae
aquam
portant.

In the passive voice, the subject

is ACTED UPON by the verb.

Aqua a
puellis
portatur.

Finding the Present Stem

amo, amare
laboro, laborare
paro, parare
porto, portare
specto, spectare

AMALABORAPARAPORTASPECTA-

Present Active Tense Endings

The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings

Singular
First
Person

Second
Person

you

Third
Person

he,
she,
it

Plural

mus
tis

nt

we
you

they

First
Person

Am o

Second
Person

Third
Person

Amas

Ama t

I love
I am loving
I do love

You love
You are loving
You do love

He loves
He is loving
He does love

Ama mus

We love
We are loving
We do love

Ama tis

You love
You are loving
You do love

Ama nt

They love
They are loving
They do love

Present Active

Present Tense (Review!) 3rd, 3rd io and

4th:
Remembe
r that the
pono
ponimus
e
ponis
ponitis
changes
to i or
ponit
ponunt
u

capio
capis
capit

capimus
capitis
capiunt

audio
audis

audimus
auditis

Remembe
r that this
has i in
its stem

portare--passive
voice
portor
I am (being)
carried

portaris
you are (being)
carried

portatur

portamur
portamini
portantur

Imperfect Tense
Imperfect tense is a past tense.
It shows past action uncompleted.
There are several ways to translate
imperfect tense:
was verbing
used to verb
kept on verbing
verbed

Imperfect Active Tense Endings

The present active tense = Present Stem + Imperfect Active Endings

Singular
First
Person

Second
Person

Third
Person

BA
M
BA
S
BAT

Plural

BAM
US

we

you

BATI
S

you

he,
she,
it

BAN
T

they

First
Person

Ama bam

I was loving
I used to love
I kept on
loving

Ama bamus

(etc.)

I loved

Second
Person

Ama bas

You were loving

You used to love
You kept on
loving

Ama batis

You loved

Third
Person

Ama bat

He was
loving

We were
loving

Ama bant

(etc.)

Imperfect Tense

You were
loving
(etc.)

They were
loving
(etc.)

3rd/ 3rd-io/4th Imperfect Tense

(was.)

ponebam
ponebamus
ponebas ponebatis
ponebat
ponebant
capiebam
capiebamus
capiebas capiebatis
capiebat
capiebant
audiebam
audiebamus
audiebas audiebatis

Imperfect Tense---passive voice

-bar
I was being verbed

-baris
you were being
verbed

-bamur
we were being verbed

-bamini
Yall were being
verbed

-batur

-bantur

he/she/it was being

verbed

They were being

verbed

Imperfect Tense Practice

Spectabamus
Portabat
Amabas
Parabatis
Navigabam
Monstrabant

We were watching
He/she/it was
carrying
You were loving
Yall were
preparing
I was sailing
They were showing

Future Tense Verbs

The future tense refers to something
that will or is going to happen at a
future time.
In English, we use the helping verbs
will or shall to express future
tense.
Latin uses prefixes on the present
tense verb endings to make future
tense verb endings, like this

Future Tense Endings

Active
Voice
st
nd

1 and 2

Singular

Conjugations ONLY

1st -BO (I
will...)
2nd -BIS (you
will...)
3rd -BIT (he/she/it
will)

Plural

-BIMUS (we
will)
-BITIS (yall
will)
-BUNT (they
will)

First
Person

Ama bo

Second
Person

Third
Person

Ama bis

Ama bit

I will
love

You will
love

He/she/it
will love

Ama bimus

We will
love

Ama bitis

Yall will
love

Ama bunt

They will
love

Future Tense
---passive voice 1st/2nd conjugation

-bor
I will be verbed

-beris
you will be verbed

-bitur
he/she/it will be
verbed

-bimur
we will be verbed

-bimini
yall will be verbed

-buntur
they will be verbed

Lets practice translating

future tense verbs!
1. amabo 2. spectabit 3.
portabunt 4. parabitis
5.
spectabis
6. parabo 7. laborabit 8.
Singular
Plural
laborabimus

1st -BO (I
will...)
2nd -BIS (you
will...)

-BIMUS (we
will)
-BITIS (yall
will)

Making FUTURE Tense

FUTURE TENSE for these verbs (3rd, 3rd io, and
4th) looks very similar to their PRESENT TENSE.
The only difference is the vowels you use
before the personal endings.
Do NOT use the bo, bis, bit endings like we do
for 1st and 2nd conjugations!

Future Tense (will.)

ponam
pones
ponet

ponemus
ponetis
ponent

capiam
capies
capiet

capiemus
capietis
capient

audiam
audies
audiet

audiemus
audietis
audient

3rd io has
an i in
every
form!

4th already
has i in
its stem!

Present Tense
pono
ponis
ponit

ponimus
ponitis
ponunt

Future Tense
ponam
pones
ponet

ponemus
ponetis
ponent

Sowhat does it mean???

Cibum in carrum ponimus.
We place the food into the cart.
Cibum in carrum ponemus.
We will place the food into the cart.
You know ponemus is future because you
know that pono, ponere is 3rd conjugation and
3rd conjugation verbs use E in their future
tense endings.

Every E Is Not Future

Tense

2nd conjugation verbs have e that occurs

naturally in their PRESENT tense.
2nd conjugation verbs: -eo, -ere
doceo, docere: teach
Present Tense
Future Tense
doceo docemus
docebo
docebimus
doces
docetis docebis
docebitis
docet
docent
docebit
docebunt

Things To Take Away With

You!
If a verb ends in bo, bis, bit, bimus, bitis,

bunt, its DEFINITELY future tense.

If a verb ends in am its DEFINITELY future tense
(1st person, I will)
If a verb ends in es, -et, -emus, -etis, -ent its
either PRESENT or FUTURE. Check its
conjugation to see:
2nd conjugation: PRESENT
3rd/4th conjugation: FUTURE
If a verb ending has a combination of ie-, its
always future tense (unless it has a ba- there!)

Future Tense
---passive voice 3rd/4th conjugation

-ar
I will be verbed

-eris
you will be verbed

-etur
he/she/it will be
verbed

-emur
we will be verbed

-emini
yall will be verbed

-entur
they will be verbed

Practice!
You may work with a partner.
Get a check for daily credit!

Puellae equos agunt.

Puellae equos agent.
Caesar oppidum capit.
Caesar oppidum capiet.
Captivi ab oppido in silvam fugiunt.
Litteras ad Marcum, amicum meum, mittam.
Servus ab casa fugiet.
Viri puellas defendent.
I will lead the horses.
We will send a messenger to town.

SUM
Sum is the to be verb.
Like other languages, including
English, sum is an irregular verb in
Latin.
Lets look at be in English first.
See how its forms are all different in
Singular
Plural
the singular?
I am
You are
He/she/it is

We are
Yall are
They are

Present Tense: SUM

text p. 109
Singular

sum
es
est
is

Plural

I am
sumus we are
you are estis
yall are
he/she/ it sunt
they are
These are
stand-alone
words, not
endings.

SUM in action!

Nauta sum.
Est regina.
Es agricola bonus.
Sunt mali.
Sumus parvi.
Estis reginae.

I am a sailor.
She is a queen.
You are a good
farmer.
They are bad.
We are small.
Yall are queens.

Imperfect Tense: ERAM

text p. 181
Singular

eram
eras
were
erat
was

Plural

I was
you

eramus we were
eratis
yall
were
he/she/ it erant
they
were
These are
stand-alone
words, not
endings.

ERAM in action!
Nauta eram.
Erat regina.
Eras agricola
bonus.
Erant mali.
Eramus parvi.
Eratis reginae.

I was a sailor.
She was a queen.
You were a good
farmer.
They were bad.
We were small.
Yall were queens.

Future Tense: ERO

text p. 127 (1st chart only)
Singular

ero
eris
erit
will be

Plural

I will be

erimus we will
be
you will be eritis
yall will
be
he/she/ it
erunt
they
These are
will be
stand-alone
words, not
endings.

ERO in action!
Nauta ero.
Erit servus.
Eris agricola bonus.
Erunt laeti (happy).
Numerus erit
parvus.
Victoria erit grata.

I will be a sailor.
He will be a slave.
You will be a good
farmer.
They will be happy.
The number will be
small.
Victory will be
pleasing.

Pop Quiz!

erat
sum
eris
es
eramus

portabimus
amo
docent
amatis
docebat

Pop Quiz!

He/she/it was
I am
You will be
You are
We were

We will carry
I love/do love/am
loving
They teach/do
teach/are
teaching
Yall love/do
love/are loving
He/she/it was
teaching/used to
teach/kept on
teaching/taught