Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
(FUNDERMENTAL
OF THE COMPUTER)
COMPUTER SCIENCE
COMPUTER SCIENCE
fzpdpahdJ
Fwpg;gpl;l
Ntiyapidr;
nra;tjw;F
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;
topfhl;Lfpd;wd.
fzpdp
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd;
mwpTWj;
jy;fs;
KOikahfTk;
njspthdKiwapYk; nfhLf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. ,it fzpdpnkhopapy;
(Computer Language) nfhLf;fg;gly;Ntz;Lk;.
C#
juTfs; cupaKiwapy; nraw;gLj;jg;gl;lJk; tpisTfs;
fzpdpiag; gad;gLj;JNthUf;F ntspaPl;Lr; rhjdk; (Output Device)
%yk; toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
fzpdpapd; jiyKiwfs;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
fzpdpapd; tiffs;
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
fzpdp
ghu;it
mbg;gilapy;
ghtidapd;
mbg;gilapy;
njhopw;ghl;b
d;
mbg;gilapy;
Analog :
Ma;T$lq;fspy;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
Main Frame
Mini Frame
Micro computer
Desktop
Laptop
(NoteBook)
Palmtop
Pocket
Digital :
nghJthd
gad;ghl;by; cs;sit.
Hybrid :
Muha;r;rpfSf;F
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
IBM Compatible
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
Apple Compatible
COMPUTER SCIENCE
ANALOG COMPUTER
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
DIGITAL COMPUTERS
jw;NghJ $Ljyhd gad;ghl;bYs;sit ,f;fzpdpfNs. ,t;tif
fzpdpfs; 1 - 0 ,id mbg;gilahff; nfhz;Nl njhopw;gLfpd;wd.
HYBRID COMPUTER
Digital Computer, Analog Computer Mfpa ,uz;bdJk;
,ay;gpid cs;slf;fpa fzpdpNa Hybrid Computer vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J
Muha;r;rpfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
MAINFRAME
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
MINI COMPUTER
Network ,y; mainframe cld; ,ize;J nraw;gLk; Jizf;fzpdpfs; Mini Computer
vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,it mainframe ,idtplg; gUkdpy; rpwpaitahf
,Uf;fpd;wd. ,tw;Wld; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f njhifapy; jdpegH fzpdpfs;
,izf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
MINI COMPUTER
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
MICRO COMPUTER
ehk; rhjhuzkhfg; gad;gLj;Jk; Personal Computer fs;
(PCs) ahTNk Micro Computer vDk; tifiar; Nru;e;jitahFk;. ,it
gad;gLj; jg;gLk; tpjj;jpw;Nfw;g tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.
mitahtd:
1. Desktop Computer
2. Laptop Computer (Notebook Computer)
3. Palmtop Computer
4. Pocket Computer
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
DESKTOP COMPUTERS
DESKTOP COMPUTER
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
LAPTOP COMPUTERS
LAPTOP
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
PALMTOP COMPUTERS
,jid xU kdpjd; jdJ cs;sq;ifapy; itj;Jg; gad;gLj;jKbAk;.
,jdhNyNa ,J Palmtop vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jpy; xU Desktop ,y;
nra;Ak; Ntiyapd;; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f gFjpapidNa nra;aKbAk;.
PALMTOP
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
POCKET COMPUTERS
POCKET COMPUTER
COMPUTER SCIENCE
COMPUTER SCIENCE
IBM COMPATIBLE
COMPUTER SCIENCE
APPLE COMPATIBLE
COMPUTER SCIENCE
HARDWARE
INPUT UNIT
CPU
SOFTWARE
OUTPUT UNIT
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
Eg :
Windows
Dos
Unix
FIRMWARE
Eg :
BIOS Program
APPLICATION
SOFTWARE
LANGUAGE
MACHINE LEVEL
LOW LEVEL
Eg :
Eg :
Binary Language
Assemply language
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
HIGH LEVEL
Eg :
Basic
C++
Pascal
PACKAGE
Eg :
Access
Excell
Word
COMPUTER SCIENCE
HARDWARE
MOTHER BOARD
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
SOFTWARE
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
FIRMWARE
cw;gj;jpahsh;fshy; cw;gj;jpapd;NghJ fzpdpapd; Hardware ,y;
epue;jukhfg; gjpag;gLk; xU njhFjp mwpTWj;jy;fs; Firmware vd
miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jid mbg;gilahf itj;Nj fzpdpapd; Vida Software fs;
,aq;Ffpd;wd.
cjhuzk; :
01. Memory Testing
Muk;gr;nraw;ghLfs;.
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
SYSTEM SOFTWARE
fzpdpapd;
Hardware
gFjpapidg;
gaDs;sjhf;Ffpd;w
epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fSk; System Software vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd.
cjhuzk; :
Operating System
DOS
Windows 95
Windows 98
Windows 2000
Unix
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
rfy
COMPUTER SCIENCE
APPLICATION SOFTWARE
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
PACKAGE
Paintbrush
Notepad
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
nra;tjw;nfd
Packages vd
COMPUTER SCIENCE
PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
MACHINE LANGUAGE
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Assembly
Language
Source Program
Assembler
(Translator)
Special Translator
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
Machine
Language
Object Program
COMPUTER SCIENCE
FORTRAN
5) C++
6) Prolog
7) Ada
8) Delphi
9) Java
10) SQL
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
High Level
Language
Source Program
Interpreter
Compiler
Translating Program
Machine
Language
Object Program
Fwpg;G:
Machine Language ,w;F khw;wg;gl;l Object Program ,idNa fzpdp
nraw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
fs;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
COMPILER
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
ed;ikfs; (Advantages)
1. kpf tpiuthdJ
gy kpy;ypad; fzf;fhd fzf;Ffis xU nrf;fdpy; jPu;f;Fk;
jpwd; nfhz;lJ. ,jdJ ,t;Ntfk; Nfl;]; (Hertz Hz) vDk; myfpy;
msf;fg;gLfpwJ.
mj;NjhL
,t;Ntfk;
fzpdpf;Ff;
fzpdp
khWgLfpd;wJ.
2. kpfTk; jpUj;jkhdJ
,yj;jpudpay; Rw;Wf;fs; nghwpapay;
gFjpfisg;Nghd;W ,yF tpy; gOjiltjpy;iy. mj;NjhL> ,it kpfTk;
jpUj;jkhditahfTk; ek;gfkhditahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wd.
3. epidtfk; (Memory)
,jpy; mjpfstpyhd juTfisr; Nrkpj;Jitg;gJld; cupa Neuj;jpy;
mtw;iw kpftpiuthfTk; vLf;ff;$bajhfTs;sJ.
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
mbg;gil
COMPUTER SCIENCE
jPikfs; (Disadvantages)
1. mwpTWj;jy;fs; ,y;yhky; fzpdp vjidAk; nra;ahJ.
2. kdpjdpd; Kf;fpakhd jpwd;fshd Rakhfr; rpe;jpf;Fk; Mw;wy;>
fhuzq;fisf; fz;lwpjy;> Rakhf cUthf;fy;; Nghd;wtw;iwf; fzpdp
nfhz;bUf;fkhl;lhJ.
3. fzpdpahdJ epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;jpd;gbNa nraw;gLfpd;wJ. vdNt>
epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; gpioahf ,Ug;gpd; vg;NghJk; gpioahd
ngWNgWfisNa fzpdp jUk;.
4. jtwhd juTfisf; nfhLj;jhy; jtwhd ngWNgWfNs fpilf;Fk;.
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
fzpdpapd;; fl;likg;G
(STRUCTURE OF COMPUTER)
COMPUTER SCIENCE
cs;sPl;Lg; gFjp
ntspaPl;Lg; gFjp
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs;
(INPUT DEVICES)
rpy cs;sPl;Lr;rhjdq;fs; :
1. Keyboard
2. Mouse
3. Scanner
4. Light Pen
5. Magnetic Disk
6. Magnetic Tape
10. Modem
11. Digital Camera
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
KEYBOARD
,J fzpdpapDs; juTfisAk; mwpTWj;jy;fisAk; cs;sDg;G tjw;Fg;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gpujhdkhd cs;sPl;Lr;rhjdkhFk;.
PS2 KEYBOARD
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
MOUSE
,J fzpdpapDs; mwpTWj;jy;fis cs;sDg;Gtjw;Fg; gad;
gLj;jg;gLk; gpujhdkhd cs;sPl;Lr;rhjdkhFk;.
SCROLL MOUSE
PS2 MOUSE
TRACKBALL MOUSE
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Flatbed scanner
Digital camera
Light Pen
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Internal modem
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
External Modem
COMPUTER SCIENCE
ikar;nraw;ghl;Lj; njhFjp
(CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT CPU)
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Intel Processor
Cyrix Processor
AMD Processor
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
CPU
cache memory
CPU
Input
devices
arithmatic
logic unit
Output
devices
control unit
Control signal
Data signal
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
CPU
tpisTfis
ntspaPl;Lj;
fl;Lg;ghl;Lj;njhFjp
(CONTROL UNIT)
COMPUTER SCIENCE
fzpj kw;Wk;
toq;F fpd;wJ.
ju;f;fuPjpahd
nraw;ghLfSf;Fupa
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
fl;lisfis
mDg;Gtjd;%yk;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
ntspaPl;Lr;rhjdq;fs;
(OUTPUT DEVICES)
rpy ntspaPl;Lr;rhjdq;fs; :
1. Printer
2. Monitor
3. Magnetic Disk
4. Optical Disk
5. Speaker
6. Plotter
7. Modem
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
PRINTER
,r;rhjdkhdJ fzdpapDs; ,Uf;Fk; juTfisNah my;yJ ngwNtz;ba output
fisNah xU jhspy; mr;Rg;gjpj;Jj;jUk; rhjdkhFk;. ,it gpujhdkhf
%d;W tifahfg; gpupf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
mitahtd :
1. Inkjet Printer
2. Laser Printer
3. Dotmatrix Printer
Inkjet printer
Laser printer
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
Dotmatrix printer
COMPUTER SCIENCE
MONITOR
MONITOR
fzpdpf;F
cq;fshy;
toq;fg;gLk;
mwpTWj;jy;fs;
Process
nra;ag;gl;lgpd; mjw;fhd tpisTfs; ,e;j Monitor ,d; jpiuapy;
Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Monitor MdJ Black and White MfNth my;yJ
Colour MfNth ,Uf;fyhk;.
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
External
Modem
Internal
modem
Speaker
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Magnetic Disk
Optical disk
Plotter
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
fzpdpapd; epidtfk;
(COMPUTER MEMORY)
epidtfq;fs;
Primary Memory (gpujhd
epidtfk;)
epidtfk;)
MOS
RAM
PROM
Bipolar
Semiconductor
Bubble
Optical
eg:
eg:
Magnetic Tapes DVD
Floppy Disk
CD
ROM
EPROM
Magnetic
(5.25/3.5)
EAPROM
Floppy
3.5 (A)
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
Floppy
5.25 (B)
Magnetic
& Optical
eg:
Floptical
Disk
COMPUTER SCIENCE
gpujhd epidtfk;
MOS
MOS MdJ Fiwe;j kpd;rf;jpAld; nrw;glf;$bajhFk;. ,t;tif epidtfq;fis ,uz;L
tiffshfg; gpupf;fyhk;.
3. RAM (Random Access Memory epiyah epidtfk;)
4. ROM (Read Only Memory mopah epidtfk;)
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
RAM
thrpg;gjw;Fk; gjptjw;Fkhd epidtfkhFk;. ,q;F fzpdpahdJ off MFk;NghJ
,e;j epidtfj;jpy; gjpe;Jitj;jpUe;jit ahTk; mope;JtpLk;.
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
ROM
,e;epidtfj;jpy;
gjpe;Js;stw;iw
thrpf;fkl;LNk
KbAk;.
,jpYs;stw;iw mopf;fNth my;yJ khw;wk; nra;aNth KbahJ.
ROM
,d; tiffs;
Bubble Memory
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Jiz epidtfk;
mitahtd :
1. Magnetic
2. Optical
3. Floptical
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
1. MAGNETIC
1. Magnetic Tape
,J rhjhuzkhd xypg;gjpT ehlhtpy; ghly;fisg; gjptJNghyNt juTfisg;
gjpfpd;wJ. ,r; rhjdk; fzpdpapYs;s jfty;> juTfis Nrkpj;J itg;gjw;Fg;
(Backup) gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
ed;ikfs; :
1. kypthdJ.
2. mjpf nfhs;ssT cilaJ.
jPikfs; :
COMPUTER SCIENCE
2. Floppy Disk
,J xU Magnetic Disk MFk;. ,jpy; ,uz;L tifAz;L.
mitahtd :
1. 5.25 (B) Floppy
2. 3.50 (A) Floppy
3.50(A) Floppy
5.25(B) Floppy
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
2. OPTICAL
1.Optical Disk
,t;tif disk fspy; juTfisg; gjptjw;Fk; thrpg;gjw;Fk; Laser njhopDl;gk;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
Optical Disk
CD (Compact Disk)
ROM
(4.7GB 18 GB)
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
RW - ReWritable
(4.7GB 18 GB)
COMPUTER SCIENCE
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
FLOPPY DISK
,d;
cs;sikg;G
Sector
Track
0-Track 0-Sector
1-Track 2-Sector
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Disks
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;
COMPUTER SCIENCE
myF 01 : fzpdpapd;