SMS

Texture Profile Analysis

A closer look at this popular
way of characterising the
structure of foods

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS

TPA - The History

General Foods texturometer developed
Force/time plot became known as a texture
profile

Szczesniak defined specific terms which

correlated well with sensory panel scores texture profile analysis
7 parameters were listed; 5 measured and 2
calculated
(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS

TPA - The History

Malcolm Bourne adapted the Instron to
perform TPA and parameters were slightly
modified

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Known as the two
bite test
Provides textural
parameters which
correlate well with
sensory evaluation
parameters

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)

FORCE

Known as the two

bite test
Provides textural
parameters which
correlate well with
sensory evaluation
parameters

FIRST BITE

TIME

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)

FORCE

Known as the two

bite test
Provides textural
parameters which
correlate well with
sensory evaluation
parameters

SECOND BITE

TIME

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

Force

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Movement of the Probe

Time

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

Force

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Movement of the PROBE

DOW
N
(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

Time

COMPRESSION
TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Movement of the PROBE

Force

UP

Time

Decompression
(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

Force

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Movement of the PROBE

Time

DOWN
(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Movement of the PROBE

Force

UP

Time

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Analysis of the data

Force

Fracturability

Time

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Analysis of the data

Force

Fracturability

Definition

The force at which there is

the first significant break in
the curve (originally called
the brittleness)
NB - Not always present
Time

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Analysis of the data
Hardness 2

Force

Hardness 1

Time

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Analysis of the data
Hardness

Hardness 2

Force

Definition

The maximum force during

the first cycle of compression.
Is also known as the
firmness.

Time

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Analysis of the data
Area 1
Force

Area 2

B
Time

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Analysis of the data

Force

Definition

The ratio of the positive force

area during the second cycle
of compression to that of the
B
first cycle.
Time

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Analysis of the data

Force

Definition

The ratio of the positive force

area during the second cycle
of compression to that of the
B
first cycle.
Time

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

Force

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Analysis of the data

B
Time

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

Force

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Analysis of the data

Stringiness
o

Time

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Analysis of the data

Force

Note

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

Defined as the distance that the

product is extended during decompression before separating
Stringiness
from the probe.
Not an original TPA parameter
and is not included in
the TPA
Time
analysis macro at this point.
TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

Force

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Analysis of the data

Springiness

Time

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Analysis of the data

Definition
Force

The height that the food

recovers during the time that
elapses between the end of the
first cycle and the start of the
second cycle.

Springiness

Time

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

Force

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Analysis of the data

Springiness

Time

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Analysis of the data

Force

Work of Adhesion

Time

Adhesivness
(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Analysis of the data

Force

Work of
Adhesion

Definition
The negative area for
the first compression cycle representing the work needed
to overcome the attractive
forces between the surfaces of
the probe and the food.
Time

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS
TPA (TEXTURE PROFILE ANALYSIS)
Analysis of the data

Definition

Force

The maximum negative force

of the first compression cycle

Time

Adhesivness
(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS

Resilience

Not an original TPA parameter.

Developed from looking closely at elastic recovery
A measurement of how the sample recovers from deformation.
Ratio of the first UP ( decompression) stroke to the first
DOWN ( compression) stroke

(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser

SMS

Initial Modulus

Not an original Texture Profile Analysis parameter

Developed from looking closer at curve before fracture
Initial Modulus = Initial Stress / Initial Strain
Initial Stress:taken as mean force from 0.5 -1.5secs and
then dividing by the Contact Area
Initial Strain:calculated at the 1.5 second point
(c) Stable Micro Systems, 1996

TA.XT2i Texture Analyser