Cells

HSB

Objectives
1. Draw and label diagrama to show
the structure of the unspecialized
animal and plant cells
2. State the function of organelles

Introduction
A cell is the basic organizational unit of all
living organisms.
They are found in all living organisms
They are composed of organelles which
enables the cells to carry out there functions
There are two basic types of cells:
Animal
Plant

Animal Cells
The cells have:
Nucleus: this control all the activities in
the cell. It also contains the instructions
for making new cells or new organisms
in the form of long threads known as
chromosomes, which is the genetic
material.

 Cytoplasm: a liquid gel in which most

chemical reaction take place. Seventy
percent of the cytoplasm of a cell is
actually water. The cytoplasm contains
all the other organelles in the cell.

 Cell membrane: This forms a barrier like a

very thin skin around the outside of the
cell. The cell membrane control the
movement of substances in and out of the
cells. It is called a selectively permeable
membrane. It allow material to pass
through the membrane based on their
concentration in the cell.

 Mitochondria: these are called the

power house of the cell. They carry
out the process of respiration most of
the time. It is where energy is
released from food in the form of ATP
which is what the cell can use. The
number of mitochondria varies based
on the amount of the energy needed.

 ATP- adenosine triphosphate

ADP-adenosine diphosphate

 Ribosomes are found on the

membrane stacks called endoplasmic
reticulum which run through the
cytoplasm of your cells. These
stacks are involved in the
manufacture, packaging and
transport of many different
substances. The ribosomes
themselves are vital for protein
synthesis.

 Vacuole: these are small and store

glycogen. They disappear and
reappear as needs be.

Plant cells
The cells have:
Nucleus: this control all the activities in
the cell. It also contains the instructions
for making new cells or new organisms
in the form of long threads known as
chromosomes, which is the genetic
material.

 Cytoplasm: a liquid gel in which most

chemical reaction take place. Seventy
percent of the cytoplasm of a cell is
actually water. The cytoplasm contains
all the other organelles in the cell.

 Cell membrane: This forms a barrier like a

very thin skin around the outside of the
cell. The cell membrane control the
movement of substances in and out of the
cells. It is called a selectively permeable
membrane. It allow material to pass
through the membrane based on their
concentration in the cell.

 Mitochondria: these are called the

power house of the cell. They carry
out the process of respiration most of
the time. It is where energy is
released from food in the form of ATP
which is what the cell can use. The
number of mitochondria varies based
on the amount of the energy needed.

 Ribosomes are found on the

membrane stacks called endoplasmic
reticulum which run through the
cytoplasm of your cells. These
stacks are involved in the
manufacture, packaging and
transport of many different
substances. The ribosomes
themselves are vital for protein
synthesis.

 Vacuole: these are large and store

sucrose. They are permanent and
floats around in the cytoplasm. The
are separate from the cytoplasm by a
tonoplast. They store food in the
form of sucrose solution and mineral
ion dissolved in water.

 Chloroplast are found in all green

parts of the plant. They contain
chlorophyll which reflect green light
thus the green colour the chlorophyll
absorb sun light which is used in the
process of photosynthesis.

 Cell wall: these are found only in

plant cells. They are made mainly
from cellulose and give the cell
structural integrity. It is found outside
the cell membrane