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Basis images
Brightness Image
Fourier transform
Basis images
Brightness Image
Fourier transform
Basis images
Brightness Image
Fourier transform
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
j
1
j
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1
1
j j
1
j
1 1
1 1
1 1
1 1
1
1
j
j
1 1
j j
1
j
1
1
1
1
1
j
1
j
j 1
j 1
j 1
j 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1 1 1
1
j 1
1
j
1 j
j
1 j 1
1 j 1 j
j 1
j 1
j 1
j 1
j
1
1
j 1 j
j 1 j
j 1 j
1 j 1 j
1 1
1 1 1
j j
j j
j
1 1
1 1 1
j j
j
j j
1 1 j 1 j 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 j
1 j 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 j 1 j 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 j
1 j 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 j 1
j 1 1 1 1
j j
1 j 1 j j
j j
1 1
j
1 j 1 1 1 1
j j 1
j
1 j
j j
j
1 j
j 1
j
j 1
j 1
j
j 1
1 j
j
1 j
j 1
1
j
j 1
1 j
j 1
1
j
j 1
F (u , v) f ( x, y ) e
j 2 u x
N
j 2 v y
N
u , v 0....N 1
x 0 y 0
1
f ( x, y ) 2
N
N 1 N 1
F (u, v) e
u 0 v 0
j 2 u x
N
j 2 v y
N
x, y 0....N 1
DFT Properties
Separability:
N 1 N 1
F (u , v) f ( x, y ) e
j 2 u x
N
j 2 v y
N
x 0 y 0
N 1
N 1
x 0
y 0
e j 2ux f ( x, y )e
N 1
f ( x, v)e j 2ux
x 0
j 2 v y
N
u , v 0....N 1
DFT Properties
DFT Properties
f ( x x0 , y y0 ) DFT
F (u, v) e
f ( x, y ) e
j 2 ( u 0 x v0 y )
N
j 2 ( u 0 x v0 y )
N
DFT
F (u u0 , v v0 )
F(u,v) = F*(-u,-v) or
|F(u,v)| = |F(-u,-v)|
Fourier Spectrum
Example
8 8i 8 8 8i
0
0
0
32
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
72 8 8i 8 8 8i
0
0
0
0
72
0
32
0
0
0
0
8 8i 8 8 8i
0
0
0
32
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
72 8 8i 8 8 8i
0
0
0
0
72
0
0 32
0 0
0
0
0
0
Example
150
-10+8i
-10
-10-8i
-2
-2
-34
2
38+40i
-38-40i
-34
-2
-2
-2
-10
-10-8i
150
-10+8i
-34-40i
2
38+40i
A= [ 1 2 3 4; 5 6 7 8; 9 12 13 14; 15 16 17 18];
Scaling:
1
f (ax, by )
F (u a , v b )
ab
Convolution Theorem:
DFT
f(x,y) * g(x,y)
F(u,v) G(u,v)
DFT
F(u,v) * G(u,v)
f(x,y) g(x,y)
If f(x,y) is of length M1xN1 and g(x,y) is of
length M2x N2 the summation limits M and N
should be,
M M1+M2-1
N N1+N2-1
j 2 ( u 0 x v0 y )
N
DFT
F (u u0 , v v0 )
f ( x x0 , y y0 ) DFT
F (u , v) e
j 2 ( u 0 x v 0 y )
N
j 2 ( u 0 x v0 y )
N
F (u , v )
Examples
e.g. Program
f=imread('lena.bmp');
f1=im2double(f);
figure(1), imshow(f);
F1 = zeros(256,256);
for u=1:256
for v=1:256
F1(u,256+1-v) = f1(u,v);
end
end
figure(2), imshow(F1);
Ff = fft2(F1);
Fo = fft2(f1);
ao1=angle(Fo);
ao2=sqrt(real(Fo).^2 + imag(Fo).^2);
a1=angle(Ff);
a2= sqrt(real(Ff).^2 + imag(Ff).^2);
e.g. Program
Z1 = a2.*exp(i*ao1);
Z2 = ao2.*exp(i*a1);
R1 = ifft2(Z1);
R2 = ifft2(Z2);
figure(3), imshow(R1,[ ]);
figure(4), imshow(R2,[ ]);
for u=1:256
for v=1:256
F3(u,v) = cos(a1(u,v))+i*sin(a1(u,v));
end
end
R3=ifft2(F3);
figure(5), imshow(R3,[]);