Antipsychotic

Agents

Antipsychotic Agents
Antipsychotic drugs are a class of
medicines used to treat psychosis
and other mental and emotional
conditions.
Psychosis is defined as "a serious mental disorder
(as schizophrenia) characterized by defective or
lost contact with reality often with hallucinations
or delusions.

Antipsychotic Agents
Also known as neuroleptics or major
tranquilizers
Neuroleptic: A term that refers to the effects
of antipsychotic drugs on a patient, especially
on his or her cognition and behavior.
The word neuroleptic originates from the Greek word
neuron ("nerve") and lepsis (a taking
hold)

Antipsychotic Agents
Antipsychotic medications are
generally divided into two
categories:
a. First generation (typical)
b. Second generation (atypical)

Antipsychotic Agents
Main difference between the
two types of antipsychotics :
a. First generation drugs block
dopamine

b. Second generation drugs

block dopamine and also affect
serotonin levels.

Antipsychotic Agents
Typical Antipsychotics
drugs
SUBCLASS
a. Phenothiazines
b. Thioxanthene
c. Butyrophenone

Phenothiazines
Three subfamilies of phenothiazines, based
primarily on the side chain of the molecule,
were once the most widely used of the
antipsychotic agents.

a. Aliphatic derivatives (chlorpromazine)

b. Piperidine derivatives (thioridazine) are the
least potent.
c. Piperazine derivatives (Fluphenazine)

Thioxanthene
Thioxanthene is a chemical
compound in which the oxygen atom
in xanthene is replaced with a sulfur
atom
Drug: Thiothixene

Butyrophenone
More potent and to have fewer
autonomic effects but greater
extrapyramidal effects than
phenothiazines

Haloperidol - most widely used typical

antipsychotic drug, despite its high level of
EPS relative to typical antipsychotic drugs

Antipsychotic Agents

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Atypical Antipsychotics drugs

SUBCLASS
Dibenzodiazepine (Clozapine)
Benzisoxazole (Risperidone)
Thienobenzodiazepine (Olanzapine)
Dibenzothiazepine (Quetiapine)
Dihydroindolone (Ziprasidone)
Dihydrocarbostyril (Aripiprazole)

Atypical Antipsychotics drugs

These drugs have complex pharmacology but
they share a greater ability to alter 5-HT 2A
-receptor activity than to interfere with D 2
-receptor action.
In most cases, they act as partial agonists at
the 5-HT1A receptor, which produces
synegistic effects with 5-HT2A receptor
antagonism. Most are either 5-HT6 or 5-HT7
receptor antagonists.

Dibenzodiazepine
Any of a class of antipsychotic drugs
having a structure based on a diazepine
heterocycle fused to two benzene rings
The dibenzodiazepine derivative is a socalled atypical or second-generation
antipsychotic that is widely regarded as
one of the most effective drug
treatments for schizophrenia and
depression
Drug: Clozapine

Benzisoxazole
Benzisoxazole is an aromatic
organic compound with a
molecular formula C7H5NO
containing a benzene-fused
isoxazole ring structure
Drug: Risperidone

Thienobenzodiazepine
A thienobenzodiazepine is a
heterocyclic compound containing a
diazepine ring fused to a thiophene
ring and a benzene ring.
Thienobenzodiazepines seem to act
relatively selectively at the alpha-2
subunit of the GABA-A receptor.
Drug: Olanzapine

Dibenzothiazepine
Dibenzothiazepines are chemical
compounds which are derivatives
of thiazepine with two benzene
rings.
Drug: Quetiapine

Dihydroindolone
A compound with an indole nucleus
similar to that of serotonin.
Drug: Ziprasidone

Dihydrocarbostyril
Drug: Aripiprazole