Science Module

7 Grade
th

Body Systems
Circulatory System

7th Grade Science

TAKS 2
TEKS 7.9(A)

TAKS Objective 2
The student will demonstrate an
understanding of living systems and the
environment Interdependence occurs
among living systems

TEKS Science Concept

TEKS 7.9 (A) identify the systems of the
human organism and describe their
functions.

Student Prior Knowledge

TEKS 6.10 (C) identify how structure
complements function at different levels of
organization including organ and organ
systems.

Background

Circulatory System
Structures
Heart
Blood Vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries

Blood

Circulatory System
Function
The overall function of the circulatory system is
to transport materials throughout the body
toward and away from particular target organs
and tissues.

Two Pathways
Pulmonary Circulation
Carries blood to lungs and back to the heart

Systemic Circulation
Carries blood to body and back to the heart

Capillaries of head and arms

Superior vena
cava

Aorta

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary vein
Capillaries of right
lung

Capillaries of left
lung

Inferior vena cava

Capillaries of abdominal
organs and legs

Your Blood Vessels:

Pathway of Circulation

3 types of vessels

Arteries
Capillaries
Veins

Artery vs. Vein

Arteries:
carries blood Away from heart

Large
Thick-walled, Muscular
Elastic
Oxygenated blood

Exception Pulmonary Artery

Carried under great pressure

Steady pulsating
Arterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue

Capillaries

Smallest vessel
Microscopic
Walls one cell thick
Nutrients and gases diffuse here

Veins:
Carries blood to heart

Carries blood that contains

waste and CO2

Exception pulmonary vein

Blood not under much

pressure
Valves to prevent much
gravity pull

Venules: larger than

capillaries

Varicose Veins
Damaged Valves in Veins

Your Heart: The Vital Pump

At REST, the heart

pumps about 5
QUARTS of blood a
minute.
During EXTREME
EXERTION
(exercise) it can
pump 40 quarts a
minute.

Heart:
Structure and Function

Keeps blood
moving
Large organ
composed of
Cardiac muscle

Structure of Heart

Four chambers
Two upper (Atria)
Right Atria
Left Atria
Two lower
(Ventricles)
Right Ventricle
Left Ventricle

Bloods Path Through the

Heart
Both

Atria fill at same time

Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood

from body via the vena cavas
Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood
from lungs through four pulmonary veins
After

filled with blood atria contract,

pushing blood into ventricle

Both ventricles contract

Right ventricle contracts and
pushes oxygen-poor blood
toward lungs,
against gravity,
through pulmonary arteries

Bloods Path Through the Heart

(cont)
Left ventricle contracts and forces
oxygen rich blood
out of heart through
aorta (largest vessel)

The Blood

Body contains 4-6

L
Consists of

Water
Red Blood Cells
Plasma
White blood cells
and platelets

Erythrocytes (RBC)

Transporters of

Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide

RBC are produced in red

bone marrow of

ribs,
humerus,
femur,
sternum, and other long bones

Leukocytes (WBC)

WBC fight
infection

Attack foreign
substances

Less abundant
Large cells

Platelets
PLATELETS

are for CLOTTING

blood
Cell fragments
Produced in bone marrow
Fibrin (sticky network of protein
fibers)
Form a web trapping blood cells

Blood Clotting
Section 37-2

Break in Capillary Wall

Clumping of Platelets

Clot Forms

Blood vessels injured.

Platelets clump at the site

and release thromboplastin.
Thromboplastin converts
prothrombin into thrombin..

Thrombin converts
fibrinogen into fibrin, which
causes a clot. The clot
prevents further loss of
blood..

Blood Types
Massive

loss of blood requires a

transfusion
Four Types

A
B
AB
O

Inherited

from your parents

Blood Types

What happens when you mix

blood types?
Plasma

contains proteins
that correspond to the shape
of the different antigens
If you mix one type with the
wrong one, you get
CLUMPING
Type

O is the universal donor

Type AB is the universal
acceptor

What Makes Our Blood

Type?

Blood Transfusions

Blood Type
of Donor

Blood Type of Recipient

A

AB

A
B
AB
O
Unsuccessful transfusion

Successful transfusion

Rh Factor
Rhesus

factor (Rh), also inherited

Rh+ (have antigen)

Rh- (NO antigen)
Can

cause complications in pregnancies

mother Rh- 1st baby Rh+ : blood mixes with

mother; mothers body makes anti-Rh +
antibodies
2nd Rh + body attacks baby
Now have medicine to prevent antibody
formation

Getting to the Heart of the Matter

ENGAGE
1. Walt Disneys 1957 Hemo the Magnificent
2. Play song from St. Josephs Aspirin Commercial
(originally in Happy Days episode) at:
http://www.stjosephaspirin.com/page.jhtml?id=/stjoseph/include/5_2.inc

Lyrics
Pump, pump, pumps your Blood.
The right atriums where the process begins, where the
CO2 Blood enters the heart.
Through the tricuspid valve, to the right ventricle, the
pulmonary artery, and lungs.
Once inside the lungs, it dumps its carbon dioxide and
picks up its oxygen supply.
Then its back to the heart through the pulmonary vein,
through the atrium and left ventricle.
Pump, pump, pumps your Blood.

EXPLORE
Circulatory System
Simulation

Capillaries of head and arms

Superior vena
cava

Aorta

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary vein
Capillaries of right
lung

Capillaries of left
lung

Inferior vena cava

Capillaries of abdominal
organs and legs

EXPLAIN
Circulation Coloring Activity
1. Color the path of oxygenated blood red.
2. Color the path of deoxygenated blood blue
3. Label the following structures on the above diagram:
Aorta
Left Atria
Right Atria
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Lungs
Vena Cava
Tissues of the Body
Capillaries
4. Use arrows to indicate blood flow direction.

ELABORATE
Circulation Relay
What is Blood Made of?

What is Blood Made of?

CANDY RED HOTS 44%: Red Blood Cells
(RBCs) - carry oxygen and carbon dioxide
around body, RBCs only live for about 3 months
but are continuously produced in the bone
marrow.
CORN SYRUP 55%: Plasma/Water - syrupy,
thick, clear, yellowish liquid that carries dissolved
food and wastes in water.
WHITE JELLY BEANS 1/2%: White Blood Cells
(WBCs) - bigger than RBCs, oddly-shaped cells
that 'eat' bits of old blood cells and attack germs.
CANDY SPRINKLES 1/2%: Platelets - bits of
cells and cytoplasm that help your blood clot.

EVALUATE
Given a drawing the student will label and describe the
functions of the four major parts of the circulatory system:
Heart, arteries, veins and capillaries.
After participating the circulatory relay simulation, the
learner will travel the correct circulation pathway beginning
at the left ventricle and ending at the left atrium.
After participating in the blood activity, the learner will list
the following four components of the blood: RBC, WBC,
Plasma and Platelets and describe the function of blood.