ANTI ICING &

DEICING
IN
AIRCRAFTS
BY
SIRANJIVI

WHY ICING IS A PROBLEM ??

Icing is serious flight safety concern
Most serious during take-offs and landings (high
lift demands)
With ice, must fly at higher angles of attack
(higher drag)
Ice causes early separation
Lift drops drastically
Flow no longer in contact with control surfaces

ACCREATION OF ICE
V
CLOUD OF SUPERCOOLED
WATER DROPLETS

Shape, amount and type of ice

determined by:
Velocity
Temperature
Liquid Water Concentration (LWC)
Droplet Size
Ice Accretion Time (

AIRFOIL

WHERE IS ICE ??
Ice is usually found within 5000
feet above the freezing level
Usually only about 2000 - 3000
feet thick between 0 C and -15
C
More rain means more ice when
below freezing

VULNERABLE PLACES

TYPES OF ICE FORMED

RIME
has a rough milky white
appearance and generally
follows the surface closely
CLEAR
Can look very transparent and
glass-like to a very tough
opaque surface. Clear ice is
formed when large super-cooled
water droplets collide with the
air frame and freeze slowly after
impact.
MIXED
a combination of rime and clear
ice forms at intermediate
temperatures (about -5 deg C to
-15 deg C) and has
characteristics of both types.

TEMPERATURE
Icing types and their forming
temperatures include :
Clear (0 to -5 degrees Celsius
Clear or mixed (-5 to -10 deg C)
Mixed or rime (-10 to -15 deg C)
Rime (-15 to -20 degrees Celsius)

DIFFERENCE (ANTI ICING & DEICING)

Anti-icing (ice prevention):

Heated wings-Hot compressor bleed

air is directed into sections of the
wing increasing its surface
temperature.
Weeping wings-Fluid (a water and
glycol mix) is pumped through a
mesh panel on the wings leading
edge.
Clean wings can also be sprayed
with glycol based fluids to protect
against freezing for a limited time.

Deicing (ice removal):

Pneumatic boots-attached to
wings and are inflated with air in
order to break off any ice that has
accumulated on them.
If wings have accumulated ice, a
heated glycol and water mix is
sprayed on the wings to remove it.

CONT.
Anti-icing (ice prevention):

Includes: thermal heat, prop

heat, pitot heat, fuel vent heat,
windshield heat, and fluid
surface de-icers

Deicing (ice removal):

Includes surface de-ice equipment
such as boots, weeping wing
systems, and heated wings

TECHNIQUES USED
Propeller Anti Icers
Windshield Anti - Icers
Thermal Heat
Heaters
Bleed Air

Boots
Weeping Wing
Electro Impulse Deicing

PROPELLER ANTI - ICERS

Ice usually appears on propeller
before it forms on the wing
Can be treated with chemicals from
slinger rings on the prop hub
Graphite electric resistance heaters
on leading edges of blades can also
be used

WINDSHIELD AINTI - ICERS

Usually uses resistance heat to clear
windshield or chemical sprays while
on the ground
Liquids used include: ethylene glycol,
propylene glycol, Grade B Isopropyl
alcohol, urea, sodium acetate,
potassium acetate, sodium formate,
and chloride salts
Chemicals are often bad for the
environment

THERMAL HEAT
Air Heated
Bleed air from engine heats inlet cowls to
keep ice from forming
Bleed air can be ducted to wings to heat wing
surface as well
Ice can also build up within engine, so shutoff
valves need to be incorporated in design
Usually used to protect leading edge slat, and
engine inlet cowls

Resistance heater
Used to prevent ice from forming on pitot
tubes, stall vanes, temperature probes, and
drain masts

BOOTS
Inflatable rubber strips that run along
the leading edge of wing and tail
surfaces
When inflated, they expand knocking
ice off of wing surface
After ice has been removed, suction is
applied to boots, returning them to the
original shape for normal flight
Usually used on smaller planes

WEEPING WING
Fluid is pumped through mesh
screen on leading edge of wing and
tail
Chemical is distributed over wing
surface, melting ice
Can also be used on propeller blades
and windshields

ELECTRO IMPULSE DEICING

Electromagnetic coil under the skin
induces strong eddy currents on surface
Delivers mechanical impulses to the
surface on which ice has formed
Strong opposing forces formed between
coil and skin
Resulting acceleration sheds ice from the
surface
Can shed ice as thin as 0.05

GROUND OPERATION REMOVING ICE

Truck Platform

Fixed Gantry Platform

NY
O
KU