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AFTERSCHO☺OL
– DEVELOPING CHANGE MAKERS, CENTRE FOR SOCIAL
ENTREPRENEURSHIP PGPSE PROGRAMME –
World’ Most Comprehensive programme in social entrepreneurship & spiritual
entrepreneurship
OPEN FOR ALL FREE FOR ALL
www.afterschoool.tk
Planning Ahead
Organizing— Leading—
To create structures To inspire effort
Outside-in Top-Down
• Opportunities
• Threats
Inside-Out
• Strengths
• Weaknesses Bottom-Up
1. Define Objectives
2. Determine where you stand re objectives
3. Develop premises regarding future conditions
4. Analyze and choose among action alternatives
5. Implement the Plan
• Contingency Planning
– Identifies alternative courses of action to take when
things go wrong
• Scenario Planning
– Identifies alternative future scenarios and makes plans
to deal with them
Submitted by Pawan, PGPSE 10
Student of AFTERSCHOOOL
Planning Tools &
Techniques
• Benchmarking
– Uses external comparisons to gain insights for
planning
– Best Practices Technique
• Staff Planners
• Participatory Planning
– Includes persons who will be affected by plans
and/or who will implement them
Step 4 Step 2:
Take Measure
Necessary The Control Process Actual
action performance
Step 3:
Compare actual
Performance with
objectives and standards
1. Historical Comparison
2. Relative Comparison
3. Engineering Comparison
Feedforward Controls
Concurrent Controls
Feedback Controls
Break-Even Analysis
• Progressive Discipline:
– Ties reprimands to the severity and frequency
of misbehavior.
Break-even Point f i t
Revenues = Costs r o
P
Total Costs =
Dollar Fixed+Variable
Costs &
Revenues Variable Costs
ss
Lo
Fixed Costs
Unit Sales
Submitted by Pawan, PGPSE 20
Student of AFTERSCHOOOL
Review Questions