Aircraft Engine Design I

Theory of aircraft turbine engines and

introduction to design

Topic 1

INTRODUCTION AND RECOLLECTION

OF PROPULSION SYSTEMS

Aircraft Engine Design

Main subjects
1. General information about the aircraft engines and process of their
design
2. Theory of turbine engines:
a. Basics of gas dynamics - reminder
b. Real turbojet thermodynamic cycle
c. Theoretical and real cycle of turbofan engine
d. Theoretical and real cycle of turboprop engine
e. Turbine compressor interaction
3. Performances of turbine aircraft engines
a. Type of performance characteristics and methods of their
obtaining
b. Computer methods of performance calculation
4. Introduction to design problems
a. Rotating parts
b. Instalations
c. Equipment
5. Modern design and future trends
a. Performance of some modern engines
b. Future trends
Aircraft Engine Design

Literature
1.J. D. Mattingly, W. H.Heiser, D. T. Pratt
Aircraft Engine Design
2. J. Mattingly, H. von Ohain Elements of
Propulsion: Gas Turbines and Rockets
3.G. C. Oates Aerothermodynamics of
Aircraft Engine Components
4.R. S. R. Gorla, A. A. Khan Turbomachinery
Design and Theory
5.S. Antas, P. Wolaski Obliczenia
termogazodynamiczne lotniczych silnikw
turbinowych

Aircraft Engine Design

estudia.meil.pw.edu.pl

estudia.meil.pw.edu.pl

Estudia AED 1

Organization of the lecture

2 h lectures- Wednesday16:15-18:00 room?

Exam:
1. Calculation of engine cycle
2. 3 theoretical open question

Aircraft Engine Design

Godziny

AiR

815-900

LiK

NK369
AC

915-1000

MiBM

PE

ANJ3
NL329

1015-1100

ANK
442
T47

NJMOD3
T410,T52,NL328,NL325,NL317,T311

1115-1200

ANS619
T204

1215-1300

A1

1315-1400

NK361A
s.6

MONDAY

NK332
A0

NK365
AK

NK405
T204

1815-1900
1915-2000

NK715

NK369
AC

1515-1600

1715-1800

ANK390
T410

1415-1500

1615-1700

NS610
AK

AE

ANS549T31
0

T5

ANK359
T311

NK307
AK

NK462
NL328

NS722
T5

T5

NK307
AK

ANK307-AircraftDesign1
ANK329-ElectricPowerSystems2
ANK332Marketing
ANK359Chemistryofcombustion
ANK364-FundamentalsofOperationandMaintenance
ANK365-MachinedesignIII
ANK390-Energysystems
ANK442-ElectricMachinesII
ANK457-MechanicsofFlight2
ANK458AeronauticalSystemsII
ANS510-ChemistryofWater
ANS521SteamBoilers

ANS630
T311

Aircraft Engine Design

presentation

Aircraft Turbine

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Aircraft Engine Design

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Aircraft Engine Design

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Aplications

Aircraft Engine Design

14

Use
requeriments
M< 0,5

--- Propeller

0,5<M<0,9

---Propfan or Turbofan.
Conventional propeller doesnt work well

Aircraft Engine Design

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Aircraft Engine Design

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Turbofan
engines

-Less noise
-Less polution
-Less specific
fuel consumption
-Increase

Aircraft Engine Design

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Aircraft Engine Design

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Two axis turbofan

Aircraft Engine Design

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Engine
Components
Aircraft Engine Design

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Fan blades

Aircraft Engine Design

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Compressor

Aircraft Engine Design

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Combustion chamber

Aircraft Engine Design

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Turbine

Aircraft Engine Design

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Improvement
devices

Aircraft Engine Design

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Afterburner

Aircraft Engine Design

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Reverse

Aircraft Engine Design

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Problems

Aircraft Engine Design

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Parachute system

Aircraft Engine Design

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Maintenance

Aircraft Engine Design

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liquid prop. - higher specific impulse

SOLID PROPELLANT
ROCKET ENGINE

diz
oxi

m
r f ro

r
h te
g
i
l
compressor

atm

ere
h
p
os

LIQUID PROPELLANT
ROCKET ENGINE

PS

better thermal efficiency

RAMJET

TURBOJET
bypass (low speed) flowbetter propulsive efficiency

BYPASS (FAN) TURBOJET

Aircraft Engine
Propulsion
Design
Systems

33

33

Bypass engines
a) Bypas engine single spool
b) Bypas double spool
c) Double spool turbojet
1. fan, 2 nozzle of bypass channel, 3
compressor, 4 combustor, 5,6 low
and high pressure turbine, inner
channel nozzle

Aircraft Engine Design

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Bypass eng cont.

a)

Bypas double spool with

compressor divided into two
parts high pressure and low
pressure
b) Double spool turbojet with
afterburner
1. mixer, 2 afterburner, 3 nozzle with
controlable area

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Bypass eng cont.

a)

Bypas double spool combustion

chamber in external channel

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Turboprop engines

a)
b)

Single spool turboprop

Double spool turboprop

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Simple turbojet engine

Single spool turbojet: 1 starter case, 2 axial compressor, 3 main casing, 4

annular combustion chamber , 5 nozzle, 6 turbine, 7 gear box

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F119

Fighter F-22
Type: Twin-Spool, Augmented Turbofan
Thrust: 35,000 Pound Thrust Class
Engine control: Full-Authority Digital Electronic Control
Compression system: Twin Spool/Counter Rotating/Axial Flow/Low Aspect Ratio
Combustor: Annular
Turbine: Axial Flow/Counter-Rotating
Nozzle: Two Dimensional Vectoring Convergent/Divergent
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GP 7000

Commercial: Airbus 380

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PW127 TS
ATR42-500 and ATR72-500

Aircraft Engine Design

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PT6 C67C
Agusta Bell AB139 medium helicopter

Aircraft Engine Design

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pw900
Auxiliary Power Units

Aircraft Engine Design

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... to be continued

Aircraft Engine Design

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