Meiosis

2n
Diploide
CRECIMIENTO

Meiosis I y II
Haploides (N)

Meiosis
Una clula madre diploide pasa por dos divisiones celulares dando origen a cuatro clulas
hijas haploides con recombinacin gentica. Diapositiva 5 Diapositiva 2

EN QUE CELULAS OCURRE LA MEIOSIS

ANIMALES:
de la lnea germinativa en
gnadas masculinas y femeninas
VEGETALES: clulas madres:
Megasporas y microsporas
HONGOS: clulas madres de
esporas Diapositiva 5

INTERCINESIS (sin duplicacin de ADN)

MEIOSIS II (ecuacional)Diapositiva 17
PROFASE IIDiapositiva 17
METAFASE II (ubicacin en la placa ecuatorial)
ANAFASE II (separacin de cromtidas y migracin a
los polos)
TELOFASE II
CITOCINESIS (cuatro clulas hijas haploides y con
Material gentico recombinado).Diapositiva 17
LAS COMBINACIONES VARIAN SEGN LA DISPOSICIN Y
SEPARACION DE LOS CROMOSOMAS Diapositiva 17
Diapositiva 19

DescripcinDiapositiva 1 Diapositiva 3

2n = 6

Maternal set of
chromosomes (n = 3)
Paternal set of
chromosomes (n = 3)

Two sister chromatids

of one replicated
chromosomes
Centromere

Two nonsister
chromatids in
a homologous pair

Pair of homologous
chromosomes
(one from each set)

INTERPHASE

METAPHASE I

Centrosomes
(with centriole pairs)

Chromatin

Chromosomes duplicate

Nuclear
envelope

Diapositiva 1

Nonsister
chromatids

Prophase I
of meiosis

Tetrad
Chiasma,
site of
crossing
over
Metaphase I

Metaphase II

Daughter
cells
Recombinant
chromosomes

Fuente: www.bio.miami.edu

CIGOTENODiapositiva 3

Diapositiva 3

MEIOSIS I: Separates homologous chromosomes

INTERPHASE

PROPHASE I

Centrosomes
(with centriole pairs)

Centromere
(with kinetochore)
Sister
chromatids

Chromosomes duplicate

Nuclear
envelope

Sister chromatids
remain attached

Chiasmata
Metaphase
plate

Spindle

Chromatin

ANAPHASE I

METAPHASE I

Tetrad

Homologous chromosomes
(red and blue) pair and
exchange segments; 2n = 6
in this example

Microtubule
attached to
kinetochore
Tetrads line up

Homologous
chromosomes
separate
Pairs of homologous
chromosomes split up

MEIOSIS I: Separates homologous chromosomes

METAPHASE I

PROPHASE I

ANAPHASE I

Diapositiva 3

Sister
chromatids

Chiasmata

Tetrad
Homologous chromosomes
(red and blue) pair and
exchange segments; 2n = 6
in this example

Sister chromatids
remain attached

Centromere
(with kinetochore)
Metaphase
plate

Spindle

Microtubule
attached to
kinetochore

Homologous
chromosomes
separate

Tetrads line up

Pairs of homologous
chromosomes split up

Diapositiva 4
MEIOSIS II: Separates sister chromatids
TELOPHASE I AND
CYTOKINESIS

PROPHASE II

Cleavage
furrow

Two haploid cells

form; chromosomes
are still double

METAPHASE II

ANAPHASE II

Sister chromatids
separate

TELOPHASE II AND
CYTOKINESIS

Haploid daughter cells

forming

During another round of cell division, the sister chromatids finally separate;
four haploid daughter cells result, containing single chromosomes

Key
Maternal set of
chromosomes

Diapositiva 4

Possibility 2

Possibility 1

Paternal set of
chromosomes
Two equally probable
arrangements of
chromosomes at
metaphase I

Metaphase II

Daughter
cells
Combination 1

Combination 2

Combination 3

Combination 4

MITOSIS

GAMETOGENE
SIS Diapositiva
21 Diapositiva
22
Propase

MEIOSIS
Parent cell
(before chromosome replication)

Chiasma (site of
crossing over)

MEIOSIS I

Prophase I
Chromosome
replication

Duplicated chromosome
(two sister chromatids)

Chromosome
replication
2n = 6

Chromosomes
positioned at the
metaphase plate

Metaphase

Anaphase
Telophase

Sister chromatids
separate during
anaphase

2n

Tetrad formed by
synapsis of homologous
chromosomes

Tetrads
positioned at the
metaphase plate

Homologues
separate
during
anaphase I;
sister
chromatids
remain together

Metaphase I

Anaphase I
Telophase I
Haploid
n=3
Daughter
cells of
meiosis I

2n

MEIOSIS II

Daughter cells
of mitosis
n
n
n
Daughter cells of meiosis II
Sister chromatids separate during anaphase II

Diapositiva 22

Fuente: www.bio.miami.edu

IMPORTANCIA BIOLOGICA DE
LA MEIOSIS

Fuente: academic.pgcc.edu

Intercambio de material gentico

Recombinacin gentica
Variabilidad gentica
Materia prima para la evolucin

Diapositiva 25

Errores meiticos
A.- Homlogos sin desunir no se separan en meiosis 1
1.Resultados en aneuploide
2.Usualmente letal para el embrin
3.Trisoma 21, excepcin que conduce al sndrome de Down.

B.- Cromosomas sexuales

1.Sndrome de Turner: monosomia X
2.Sndrome de Klinefelter: XXY