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Advice
Scope of this course
Measurement and Units
Fundamental units
Systems of units
Converting between systems of units
Dimensional Analysis
1-D Kinematics (review)
Average & instantaneous velocity and acceleration
Motion with constant acceleration
See info on the World Wide Web (heavily used in Physics 111)
Go to http://www.physics.uiuc.edu and follow courses link to the Physics
111 homepage
The first few weeks of the course should be review, hence the pace is fast. It
is important for you to keep up!
Lecture Organization
Classical Mechanics:
Mechanics: How and why things work
Classical:
Not too fast
(v << c)
Not too small (d >> atom)
Units
L
M
T
For example:
Speed has units of L / T (i.e. miles per hour).
Force has units of ML / T2 etc... (as you will learn).
Length:
Distance
Length (m)
Radius of visible universe
1 x 1026
To Andromeda Galaxy
2 x 1022
To nearest star 4 x 1016
Earth to Sun
1.5 x 1011
Radius of Earth 6.4 x 106
Sears Tower
4.5 x 102
Football field
1.0 x 102
Tall person
2 x 100
Thickness of paper
1 x 10-4
Wavelength of blue light 4 x 10-7
Diameter of hydrogen atom
1 x 10-10
Diameter of proton
1 x 10-15
Time:
Interval
Age of universe
Age of Grand Canyon
32 years
One year
One hour
Light travel from Earth to Moon
One cycle of guitar A string
One cycle of FM radio wave
Lifetime of neutral pi meson
Lifetime of top quark
Time (s)
5 x 1017
3 x 1014
1 x 109
3.2 x 107
3.6 x 103
1.3 x 100
2 x 10-3
6 x 10-8
1 x 10-16
4 x 10-25
Mass:
Object
Mass (kg)
Milky Way Galaxy
4 x 1041
Sun 2 x 1030
Earth
6 x 1024
Boeing 747 4 x 105
Car 1 x 103
Student
7 x 101
Dust particle
1 x 10-9
Top quark
3 x 10-25
Proton
2 x 10-27
Electron
9 x 10-31
Neutrino
1 x 10-38
Units...
British Units:
Inches, feet, miles, pounds, slugs...
We will use mostly SI units, but you may run across some
problems using British units. You should know how to convert
back & forth.
mi
mi
ft
1 m
1 hr
m
1
5280
0.447
hr
hr
mi 3.28 ft 3600 s
s
Dimensional Analysis
Example:
Doing a problem you get the answer distance
d = vt 2 (velocity x time2)
Units on left side = L
Units on right side = L / T x T2 = L x T
Lecture 1, Act 1
Dimensional Analysis
(a)
P = 2 (dg)
(b)
d
P 2
g
(c)
P 2
d
g
Lecture 1, Act 1
Solution
(a)
(a)
L
L 2
T
L4
4 T
T
(a) P 2 dg
Not Right !!
d
(b) P 2
g
(c) P 2
d
g
Lecture 1, Act 1
Solution
(b)
L
T2 T
L
T2
(a) P 2 dg
Not Right !!
d
(b) P 2
g
(c) P 2
d
g
Lecture 1, Act 1
Solution
(c)
L
T2 T
L
T2
(a) P 2 dg
d
(b) P 2
g
(c) P 2
d
g
Motion in 1 dimension
Displacement in a time t = t2 - t1 is
x = x(t2) - x(t1) = x2 - x1
x
x
x2
x1
t1
t2
t
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 16
1-D kinematics
v av
x( t 2 ) x( t1 ) x
t 2 t1
t
x
x
trajectory
x2
x1
t1
t2
t
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 17
1-D kinematics...
Consider limit t1
t2
v( t )
x
x
dx( t )
dt
x2
x1
t1
t2
t
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 18
1-D kinematics...
aav
v ( t 2 ) v ( t1 ) v
t 2 t1
t
dv ( t ) d 2 x( t )
a( t )
dt
dt 2
using v ( t )
dx( t )
dt
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 19
Recap
If the position x is known as a function of time, then we can find both velocity v and acceleration a as a function of time!
x
x x( t )
dx
v
dt
dv
d 2x
a
dt
dt 2
t
t
We saw that v = dx / dt
In calculus language we would write dx = v dt, which we
can integrate to obtain:
t2
x (t 2 ) x (t1 ) v (t )dt
t1
+ +...+
= displacement
t
Physics 111: Lecture 1, Pg 21
n
High-school calculus: t dt
dv
a
1
t n 1 const
n 1
dx
v
Similarly, since
dt we can integrate again to get:
1
x v dt ( at v 0 )dt at 2 v 0 t x0
2
Recap
Plane
w/ lights
x
1
x x0 v 0 t at 2
2
v v 0 at
a const
Lecture 1, Act 2
Motion in One Dimension
(c) v = 0, but a 0.
Lecture 1, Act 2
Solution
t
t
a
t
Derivation:
v v 0 at
Solving for t:
v v0
a
x x0 v 0 t
1 2
at
2
Plugging in for t:
v v0 1 v v0
x x0 v 0
a
a
2
a
v 2 v 0 2 a( x x0 )
Average Velocity
Remember that v v 0 at
v
v
vav
v0
t
t
v av
1
v 0 v
2
Recap:
Washers
1
x x0 v 0 t at 2
2
v v 0 at
a const
Problem 1
vo
ab
x = 0, t = 0
Problem 1...
ab
x = 0, t = 0
v=0
x = x f , t = tf
Problem 1...
Above, we derived: v = v0 + at
Problem 1...
v 0 2( ab )xf
2
v
xf 0
2 ab
Problem 1...
So we found that
2
1 v0
tf
, xf
ab
2 ab
v0
Tips:
Read !
Before you start work on a problem, read the problem
statement thoroughly. Make sure you understand what
information is given, what is asked for, and the meaning of all
the terms used in stating the problem.