CODE DIVISION

MULTIPLE ACCESS

PRIYAL ZAVERI

WHY MULTIPLE ACCESS?

Users/Earth Stations Share the Transmission Resource i.e.
Radio Spectrum
Aim is to develop Efficient Techniques that Maximize
System
Capacity through Dynamic Resource Allocation
and Spectrum
Reuse
Simple FDM/FM Satellite Systems become Inefficient is
BW
Utilization and Economically Impractical
Pre-Assigned or Demand-Assigned Channel Allocation
In case of Pre-Assigned System, a given number of
available voice-band channels from each earth station
are assigned to a dedicated destination.Some-times
wastage of Precious BW Resource
In case of Demand-Assigned System, Resources
allocation is on need basis, versatile and efficient
usages of Radio Spectrum, but a Complex Mechanism
is required at all Earth Stations/Users

A PRE-ASSIGNED/DEDICATED SYSTEM
Each earth
station requires
two dedicated
pairs of Tx/Rx
frequencies to
communicate
with any other
station
As many
communication
partners, same
number of
transponders
(RF-RF duplex
translator/repea
ter)
Transponder BW
36 MHz which is

THREE MULTIPLE ACCESS TECHNIQUES

Satellite Multiple Accessing/Destination means more than one
users/earth stations can access to one or more Radio Channels
(Transponders) on board

FDMA
TDMA
CDMA
FH-CDMA
DS-CDMA

Wide-band CDMA, entire spectrum is used by

each user all the time but with use of orthogonal
codes. CDMA/FDD and CDMA/TDMA both
configurations are possible.

Consider an International Cocktail Party

FDMA Large room divided up into small
rooms. Each pair of people takes turns
speaking.
TDMA Large room divided up into small
rooms. Three pairs of people per room,
however, each pair gets 20 seconds to
speak.
CDMA No small rooms. Everyone is
speaking in different languages. If voice
volume is minimized, the number of

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)-The Concept

No restrictions on any user/earth station on time and
frequency slots usages, rather any user can use
allocated BW or all system BW at any time, however,
using a special chip code to spread its low-bandwidth
signal over the entire allocated spectrum Spread
Spectrum Multiple Access

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)-The

Concept (Contd)

Types Of CDMA
Orthogonal Codes
Correlation and Cross-Correlation
How Spreading and De-Spreading is done?
Processing Gain, G = Chip Rate/Date Rate

Wayne Tomasi-Ch 15

NDG Notes

Correlation and CrossCorrelation

Wayne Tomasi-Ch 15

NDG Notes

10

Wayne Tomasi-Ch 15

NDG Notes

11

 FH-Spread Spectrum

Wayne Tomasi-Ch 15

NDG Notes

12

Wayne Tomasi-Ch 15

NDG Notes

13

 DS-Spread
Spectrum

Wayne Tomasi-Ch 15

NDG Notes

14

Wayne Tomasi-Ch 15

NDG Notes

15

Spread Spectrum Transmission

Direct Sequence
Highest power consumption
Highest potential data rates
Lowest aggregate capacity using multiple
physical layers than frequency hopping
Smallest number of geographically separate
radio cells due to limited channels
Greater range than frequency hopping
Slices transmission into small coded bits
and spreads message across whole
spectrum
Utilizes wide signal channel

Frequency Hopping
Lower cost
Lowest power consumption
Most tolerant to signal interference
Lower potential data rates
Highest aggregate capacity using multiple
physical layers
Less range than direct sequence
Concentrates power in very narrow spectrum
Hops in random pattern 100 times/sec
Spreads power across band instead of signal

Wayne Tomasi-Ch 15

NDG Notes

17

Wayne Tomasi-Ch 15

NDG Notes

18

Wayne Tomasi-Ch 15

NDG Notes

19

Wayne Tomasi-Ch 15

NDG Notes

20

Wayne Tomasi-Ch 15

NDG Notes

21

THANK
YOU

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