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Layers of Skin
Epidermis
- stratum basale
- stratum spinosum
- stratum granulosum
- stratum corneum
Dermis
- papillary dermis
- reticular dermis
Subcutaneous Fat
cell
cell
Strata of Epidermis
Stratum
Stratum
Strata of Epidermis
Stratum
lucidum :
Clear layer found in palms and soles
Stratum
corneum :
Flat, anuclear, eosinophilic corneocytes
Dead layer shed during epidermal turnover
Epidermal turnover/ transit time:
Time taken for a cell to pass from basal layer
to surface of skin.
52-75 days (normal skin)
Melanocyte
Neural
Melanocyte
Melanin
cell
- Type of macrophage
- Role in various immune processes like allergic
contact dermatitis, immune tolerance,
surveillance against neoplasia
Merkel
cell
- Neuritic cells
- Touch receptors
- Detect mechanical deformities of epidermis
Functions of Epidermis
Cornification
Barrier
function
Permeability
Maintenance of fluid and electrolyte balance
Thermoregulation
Pigmentation
Immune function
Sensory receptor
Vitamin D Synthesis
Dermis
Papillary
Reticular
Structure of dermis
Non-cellular
connective tissue
Constituted of collagen, elastic fibers and
ground substance (mucopolysaccharides,
chondroitin sulphate, glycoproteins)
Embedded nerves, blood vessels, lymph
vessels, muscles and pilo sebaceous, apocrine
and eccrine units
Cellular contents include fibroblasts, mast cells,
histiocytes, Langerhans cells, lymphocytes and
eosinophils
Dermo-Epidermal Junction
Consists
of
- Basal lamina
- Lamina lucida
- Lamina densa
- Anchoring filaments
- Anchoring fibrils
- Dermal microfibril bundles
of dermis to epidermis
Support to epidermis
Regulation of permeability
Autoantibodies to proteins in the dermoepidermal junction may be responsible
for vesiculobullous disorders
Embryology of skin
All constituents derived from ectoderm and
mesoderm
Ectoderm and mesoderm begin to proliferate and
differentiate at 4th week of intrauterine life
The specialised structures of skin, teeth, hair,
nails and glands begin to appear at this time
Epidermal Appendages
Hair
follicles
Sebaceous
Apocrine
Eccrine
glands
glands
glands
Hair
Types
- Lanugo
- Vellus
- Terminal
Anatomy of hair
Longitudinal section
Infundibulum
Isthmus
Stem
Bulb
Cross section
Outer sheath
Inner sheath
- Henles layer
- Huxleys layer
- Cuticle
Cortex
Medulla
Sebaceous Glands
Lipid
Arise
hormones
Sebaceous Glands
Consists
sexual function
Mammary
vasculature important in
thermoregulation
Cutaneous
Skin innervation
Light
Classification
Primary
lesions
Secondary
Special
lesions
lesions
Vesicle
Patch
Bulla
Papule
Pustule
Plaque
Cyst
Nodule
Wheal
Ulcer
Crust
Excoriation
Lichenification
Fissure
Induration
Erosion
Atrophy
Scar
Poikiloderma
Telangiectasia
Target lesion
Macule
Definition:
Erythematous, hypopigmented,
Erythema / Purpura
Erythema:
Papule
Definition:
Types:
Plaque
Definition:
Nodule
Definition:
Pustule
Definition:
Wheal
Definition:
Cyst
Definition:
Scale
Definition:
Examples:
Furfuraceous - Pityriasis Versicolor
Ichthyotic, lamellar- Ichthyosis
Micaceous - Psoriasis
Collarette - Pityriasis rosea
Crust
Definition:
Types:
Examples: Impetigo
Excoriation
Definition:
Types:
- linear
- circumscribed
Fissure
It
Erosion
Definition:
Examples: Impetigo
Pemphigus
Ulcer
Definition:
Scar
Definition:
Types: atrophic
hypertrophic
cribriform
varioliform
pitted
Lichenification
Definition:
Induration
Definition:
Sclerosis
Definition:
Sclerosis
Examples: Scleroderma
Atrophy
Definition:
Loss
Burrow
Definition:
Examples: Scabies
Comedo
Definition:
Types: open
closed
Examples:
Acne
Telangiectasia
Definition:
capillaries
Examples:
Rosacea
Nail fold telangiectasias in systemic
sclerosis
Milium
Definition:
Milia
Poikiloderma
Definition:
Examples:
Dermatomyositis
Target lesions
Definition:
The
Examples:
Erythema multiforme
Alopecia
Definition:
Examples:
Patterns
Annular
Linear
Grouped
Discoid
Reticulate
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