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Theory of Plasticity
Thermal Strains
Thermal strain is a special class of Elastic strain that
results from
expansion with increasing temperature, or
contraction with decreasing temperature
T T0 T
(A8-1)
(A8-2)
Figure 8-1b. Same curve as 8-1a, except that it shows what happens
during unloading and reloading - Hysteresis. The curve will not be
Figure 8-2. Idealized flow curves. (a) Rigid ideal plastic material
k n
(8-1)
where K is the stress at = 1.0 and n, the strainhardening coefficient, is the slope of a log-log of
Eq. 8-1
(8-2)
log log K n log
That is,
(8-3)
c
_
0 (tension) = 1
(8-4)
p 1 2 3 107 N / m 2
0 105 N / m 2
p 0 105 N / m 2
This corresponds to a depth of only 10m. Fortunately for all
lovers of crustaceans, this is not the case, and hydrostatic
stresses do not contribute to plastic flow.
max
1 3
(8.5)
0
0
2
Substituting in Eq. (8.3), we have
max
1 3
0
0
2
2
1 3 0
(8.6)
where 2
2
3
1
2
3
1
6
02 02 6k 2
3k
(8.8)
1
2
2
2 1/ 2
( 1 2 ) ( 2 3 ) ( 3 1 )
o
2
(8.9)
Example
A region on the surface of a 6061-T4 aluminum alloy
component has strain gage attached, which indicate the
following stresses:
11 = 70 MPa
22 = 120 MPa
12 = 60 MPa
Determine the yielding for both Trescas and von Mises
criteria, given that 0 = 150 MPa (the yield stress).
Solution
Since we were given the value of 12, we must therefore
first establish the principal stresses. Invoke Eq. 4-37.
11 22
1, 2
2
Hence,
1 = 160 MPa;
11 22
2 = 30 MPa;
2
12
1 = 0
1
2
2
2 1/ 2
o
( 1 2 ) ( 2 3 ) ( 3 1 )
2
The L.H.S. of the above Eq. gives a value of 175 MPa.
This criterion predicts that the material will not fail (flow),
unlike the Tresca criterion, which predicts that the material
will flow.
Therefore, the Tresca criterion is more conservative than
the von Mises criterion in predicting failure.