CARDIO VASCULAR SYSTEM

# HEART
# CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
----- PULMONARY
SYSTEMIC
# BLOOD VESSELLS
ARTERY
VEIN

HEART

MUSCULATORY ORGAN
CHAMBERS
SEPTAL
ORIFISIUM ATRIO VENTRICULAR
VALVULAE

Heart

Cardiac muscle with internal support

layers of dense irregular connective
tissue for attachment of valves
3 layers: epicardium, myocardium
and endocardium

Endocardium

Inner layer of endothelium with

subendothelial connective tissue
Middle layer of connective tissue with
smooth muscle and elastic fibers
Outer layer continuous with
connective tissue of myocardium
containing vessels and adipocytes

Epicardium

Lining mesothelial cells with underlying

connective tissue, vessels and nerves;
usually has adipose tissue also

Myocardium
Thick layer of cardiac muscle

Types of cardiocytes

Contractile cardiocytes ---- pump the

blood
Myoendocrine cardiocytes --- produce
ANF
Nodal cardiocytes ---specialize to control
the rythmic contraction of the heart
Located in : SA node
AV node under endocardium of inter
atrial & inter ventricular septal

PURKINJE
FIBRE
SABUT PURKINYE
# MYOCARDIAL MODIFICATION
# BIG NUCLEUAR
# FEW MYOFIBRIL
# GLYCOGEN

CONDUCTION IMPULS
SYSTEM
PACE MAKER
@ S.A NODE
@ A.V. NODE
@ A.V. BUNDLE /BUNDLE HIS

Heart Valve

Endothelial lining on surface

Core of dense irregular connective
tissue with many elastic fibers

Purkinje Fibers
Large diameter cardiac muscle cells with
pale staining; conduct electrical impulses

VALVULAE

ENDOCARDIUM DERIVATE

TRICUSPIDAL

BICUSPIDAL / MITRAL

CHORDA TENDINAE

MUSCULUS PAPILLARIS

HEART CHAMBERS
**RIGHT ATRIAL <---- SUPERIOR CAVAL VEIN
--- RIGHT VENTR.
--- PULMONANARY ARTERY
--- PULMONAR CIRCULATION
**LEFT ATRIUM ----LEFT PULMONARY VEIN
---- LEFT VENTRICEL
---- AORTA
---- SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION

ANNULI FIBROSI
** RING OF FIBROUS CONNECTED
TISSUES
** BASED OF AORTA
** BASED OF PULMONAR ARTERY
** ATRIO VENTRICULAR ORIFICE
DEXTRA
SINISTRA

CARDIAC SKELETON
# ANNULI FIBROSI ---- based of aorta
pulmonary
artery
# SEPTUM MEMBRANACEUM
# TRIGONUM FIBROSUM

INERVASION OF HEART

AUTONOM NERVE SYSTEM

** SYMPHATETIC
** PARASYMPHATETIC

HEART DISEASE

GENERAL CAUSE : RHEUMATIC FEVER

** Defect of ENDOCARDIUM
--- ENDOCARDITIS
** Thickened of VALVULAE
** VALV.fails to close/open perfectly
- MITRAL INSUFFICIENSY
- MITRAL STENOSIS

VASCULAR SYSTEM
BLOOD VESSELLS
LYMPHATICS VESSELLS

HISTOLOGIC STRUCTURE
#T. INTIMA --------ENDOTEL
SUBENDOTHEL C T
INTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA
# T. MEDIA -------SMOOTH MUSCLE
EXSTERNAL ELASTIC LAMINA
# T.ADVENTISIA--- COLLAGEN, ELASTIC
C T , NERVE, BLOOD VESSELLS

CLASSIFICATION
@ ARTERY ------- ELASTIC
MUSCULAR
SMALL ARTERY
ARTERIOLE
@ VEIN--------- LARGE VEIN
MEDIUM SIZE
VENULE / SMALL VEIN

BLOOD VESSELLS
CLASSIFICATION
# LUMINARY DIAMETER
# THICKENED OF THE LAYER
# THE STRUCTURE OF THE LAYER

THE DIFFERENCE OF ARTERI &

VENA

LUMINAL SHAPE AND CONTENT

* THICKENED OF THE LAYER

VASA VASORUM

CAPILLARY
MOST SIMPLE STUCTURE
-- ENDOTEL CELLS
-- SUB ENDOTEL C T
-- PERICYTE

Capillaries

Endothelium with basal lamina

Site of most nutrient and gas
exchange between tissue and blood
Continuous (nonfenestrated)
capillaries have tight junctions:
CNS, PNS, muscle
Discontinuous (fenestrated)
capillaries have gaps 80-100 nm dia:
kidney glomerulus, endocrine
glands, most tissues

CAPILLARIES
1. Continous cap
No pore or fenestrae in their walls
Muscle, nervous, c.tissue
Tight (nintercell ) junction---fasciae occludens

2. Fenestrated cap
Pore (fenestrae ) + cavered by diaphragm
Pancreas, intestine, endocrine gland

3. Discontonous cap ( sinusoidal )

No fenestrae no diaphragm
Diameter enlarge
Many large fenestrae no daphragm
Endothelial wallsdiscontonous
Macrophages out side of endothelial walls

Sinusoid

Special thin-walled, incomplete

capillary with large diameter
Found in liver, lymph nodes and
hemopoietic tissues such as bone
marrow and spleen

LYMPHATIC VESSELLS
LYMPH CAPILLARY
MORE LARGER LYMPHATIC VESSELS
MAIN DUCTS ----RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT
----THORACIC DUCT

FUNCTION
DRAINAGE ---- EXTRA CELLS FLUID ---
VASCULAR SYSTEM
. MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE
== SAME WITH THE VEIN
MORE THIN
* ENDOTHELIAL CELLS
* THIN SMOOTH MUSCLE
* CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Lymphatic Vessels

Lymphatic capillaries begin as blind

tubes and converge into larger
vessels
2 main vessels empty into vascular
system at base of neck
Fluid passes through lymph nodes
before returning to vascular system
Lymph capillaries lack basal lamina
and are very permeable

MICROS. STRUCTURE

Lymph. Capillaries
Endothel very thin
No tight junction
Basal lamina not continous
Lymph enchoring filament
Endothel cells not fenestrated

The larger lymph.vessels

3 layers but more thinner than vein
Valves are essentially
Flow the lymph from extremities depends on
muscles contraction
Smooth muscles --- circ. & longit.
Adventisia : thin

CORONARY ARTERY

Damage :
-- Damage of a.v. BUNDLE ---HEART BLOCK
--> Coord. Contraction of ATR & VENTR
failed
-- no efficiency
-- infark myocard

BLOOD VESSELS DISORDERS

# ARTERIES
ATHEROSCLEROTIC - AGE
- FATTY ACID
# VEINS
PHLEBOTHROMBOSIS
THROMBOPHLEBITIS
VARICES