Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
CONVERSION SYSTEM
Abstract
Offshore windfarms is an emerging technology in the wind energy conversion
system. For onshore wind farms high voltage overhead lines are used for
transmitting power from the wind farm to the grid. However this option is not
possible in the case of an offshore windfarm as large part of the distance to
connection point must be covered by submarine cables. The application of
high voltage dc (HVDC) transmission for integrating large scale and/or offshore wind generation systems with the electric grid is attractive in comparison
to extra high voltage (EHV) ac transmission due to a variety of reasons like
efficiency, economics etc. In the case of HVDC transmission a converter is
connected between the wind farm and the utility grid. Even though CSCs and
VSCs are widely used for the realization of large HVDC systems, as an
alternative approach Bridge of Bridge converter (BoBC) is introduced recently.
In this work the performance of the VSC and BoBC are compared and
analyzed. The simulation is done using PSCAD/EMTDC software. Compared
with the onshore wind farms, the offshore wind farms have access to
significantly better wind energy resources and hence offer larger energy
generating capability. Therefore offshore wind farms are gaining importance
and the BoBC proves to be better than the VSC for similar applications.
Paper Publication
1. Sheeba Percis, L. Ramesh, Dr. S. P. Chowdhury, Dr. S. P.
Chowdhury. The Technical Impacts prediction of Small
Scale DG in Low Voltage Distribution Networks
International Conference on Renewable Energy , Anna
University Chennai ,India ,August 2010 , Page 20-25.
2. Sheeba Percis, L. Ramesh, Impact of BoBC in Off-shore
Wind Energy Conversion System , IEEE and IET
International Conference on Computer Communication
(ICCCET 2011) ,National College of Engineering ,
Tirunelveli, India ,March 2011,Page 50-56.
3. Sheeba Percis,Detection of flaws in rolling of steel
sheets using Image processing, National Conference on
Future challenges and Budding Intelligent Techniques in
Electrical & Electronics Engineering (NCEEE 2010),
Sathyabama University,Chennai ,India , April 2010, Page
78-81.
OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
Introduction
Literature review
Methodology
Results and Discussion
Conclusion
INTRODUCTION
Wind - Promising renewable energy
resource.
Wind energy conversion systems
sustainable energy.
Off-shore WECS are better than onshore WECS.
Long distance transmission HVDC
stands ahead of HVAC.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Limited availability of onshore sites and better
off-shore wind conditions are the driving force
for off shore WECS.
With a HVDC system power flow can be
controlled rapidly.
Development & availability of power electronic
devices is the underpinning technology for
integration of large wind farms with electricity
grid.
VSC based HVDC transmission is a good
solution for connection of large off-shore sites
over long distances.
METHODOLOGY
System Design
C .44 [kV]
C
0.1 [H]
1.0[uF]
1.0[uF]
1.0[uF]
#2
.44 [kV]
Ea
B
C
R=0
0.1 [H]
#1
1.0[uF]
100.0 [MVA]
0.1 [H]
B
Features Of VSC
Consists of six arms with series
connected sub-modules.
Fully controlled switches accompanied
with anti-parallel diodes are used.
Bi-directional current flow is obtained.
Operated in four quadrants.
Control of real and reactive power is
possible.
A dc bus capacitor is used to provide
stiff dc.
PWM is used.
0 .1 [H ]
0 .1 [H ]
0 .1 [H ]
1.0 [uF]
0 .1 [H ]
D
0 .1 [H ]
D
0.1 [H]
I
1.0 [uF]
I
1.0[uF]
0.1 [H]
I
1.0 [uF]
I
1.0 [uF]
0 .1 [H ]
.44 [kV]
R =0
.44 [kV]
#2
1.0 [uF]
100.0 [MVA]
#1
0.1 [H]
1.0 [uF]
0.1 [H]
I
1.0 [uF]
1.0[uF]
0.1 [H]
I
1.0 [uF]
Ea
1.0 [uF]
Features of BOBC
Has six arms with sub-modules
connected in series.
Sub-modules are stand alone power
converters.
Any number of sub-modules can be
connected and desired voltage rating
is obtained.
Instead of PWM if discrete voltage
steps are used low harmonics and
switching losses are achieved.
TESTED RESULTS
0.350
Ea
1.00
0.300
Ea
0.80
0.250
0.60
0.200
y
0.40
0.150
0.20
0.100
0.050
0.00
0.000
-0.20
Output voltage
of BoBC
AC Side Reactive
Component - VSC
Main : Graphs
16.0
14.0
12.0
10.0
8.0
6.0
4.0
2.0
0.0
-2.0
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
Q=15.799KVAR
0.40
0.50
...
...
...
Realization OF HVDC
System
C1 Cable2
Edc1
A
B
0.1 [H]
#1
0.1 [H]
.44 [kV]
theta
Alpha1OFF
theta
440.0
RMS Voltage
V
I
Pulse
150.0
V
Pulse
I
theta
D
V
Pulse
D
1.6[uF]
1.0[uF]
1.0[uF]
1.0[uF]
Alpha1ON
Sqrt (2)
T
C
2
Edc1
Q
cos(th)
sin(th)
Pulse
C2
Pulse
th
Pulse
VCO
Edc2
C
Cable2
Vc
Pulse
60.0
C2
Cable2 C1
#2
C .44 [kV]
A Pulse
Pulse
I
Pulse
I
100.0 [MVA]
0.1 [H]
B
Pulse
Pulse
Eout
T
B
T
C
T
A
Edc2
Eout
Pulse
theta
H
OFF
L
H
ON
L
150.0
Alpha2OFF
theta
Alpha2ON
theta
H
OFF
L
H
ON
L
150.0
Alpha3OFF
theta
Alpha3ON
H
OFF
L
H
ON
L
Alpha1ON
Alpha2ON
Alpha3ON
Alpha1OFF
Alpha2OFF
Alpha3OFF
theta
A
B
C
Edc1
0.1 [H]
1.0 [uF]
Pulse
Pulse
Pulse
Pulse
0.1 [H]
1.0[uF]
0.1 [H]
Pulse
1.0 [uF]
Pulse
Pulse
cos(th)
C1
Cable2
Vc
60.0
th
VCO
sin(th)
C
Cable2
C2
theta
V
theta
Pulse
Pulse
Pulse
Pulse
T
A
Edc2
T
B
150.0
Sqrt (2)
theta
H
ON
Alpha1ON
L
2
240.0
RMS Voltage
0.1[H]
0.1 [H]
D
T
C
P+jQ
150.0
1.0 [uF]
theta
Alpha1ON
Alpha2ON
Alpha3ON
Alpha1OFF
Alpha2OFF
Alpha3OFF
Alpha2OFF
150.0
L
H
OFF
Alpha3OFF
L
H
ON
Alpha3ON
L
B
C
C
H
OFF
ON
Alpha2ON
L
theta
theta
A
Pulse
Pulse
Pulse
theta
theta
Pulse
Pulse
Pulse
D
Pulse
0.1[H]
Pulse
Pulse
Pulse
1.0 [uF]
1.0 [uF]
Eout
Eout
0.1 [H]
1.0[uF]
1.0 [uF]
1.0 [uF]
0.1 [H]
0.1[H]
Edc1
.44 [kV]
#2
C .44 [kV]
1.0 [uF]
C1
C2
Pulse
#1
1.0 [uF]
Cable2
100.0 [MVA]
Pulse
1.0 [uF]
A
0.1 [H]
OFF
Alpha1OFF
L
0.1 [H]
0.233[ohm]
V
0.1 [H]
Pulse
Pulse
Edc2
Output of HVDC-VSC
Output of HVDC-BoBC
Comparison
In VSC, RC networks are needed for
voltage sharing. BoBC does not demand
this.
In VSC, the number of series connections
are restricted due to the RC networks.
BoBC is not affected in this manner.
AC side reactive components.
Fault tolerance.
During fault, energy stored in dc bus
capacitance of VSC feeds the fault.
BoBC is comparatively less costly and
more efficient.
CONCLUSION
Off-shore WECS is an emerging
solution for green energy.
As distance becomes longer, AC has
technical limitations.
Based on PSCAD/EMTDC simulation
results BoBC is found to be better than
VSC in performance.
BoBC based HVDC off-shore WECS is
highly efficient and cost effective.
REFERENCES
1.
Daniel Ludois and Giri Venkataramanan, An examination of AC/HVDC Power Circuits for
Interconnecting Bulk Wind Generation with the Electric grid,energies 2010,vol 3,1263-1289,ISSN
1996-1073.
2. Sheng Jie Shao and Vassilios G. Agelidis, Review of DC system Technologies for Large Scale
Integration of Wind Energy Systems with Electricity Grids,Energies 2010,3,1303-1319,ISSN 19961073.
3. Juiping pan, Reynaldo Nuqui, Le Tang and Per Holmberg, VSC-HVDC Control and Application in
Meshed AC Networks
4. S. K. Chaudhary, R. Teodorescu and R. Rodriguez, Wind Farm Grid Integration Using VSC Based
HVDC Transmission An Overview
5. Prasai,A, Yim.J, Divan.D, Bendre.A, Sul.s A new architecture for offshore wind farms, IEEE
Trans. Power Electr. 2008,23, 1198-1204.
6. S. M. Muyeen, R. Takahashi, T. Murata, and J. Tamura, Control Strategy for HVDC interconnected
DC based offshore wind farm.
7. S. M. Muyeen, Member, IEEE, Rion Takahashi, Member, IEEE, and Junji Tamura, Senior Member,
IEEE,
Operation and Control of HVDC connected Off-shore wind farm, IEEE Transactions on
Sustainable Energy, Vol. 1, No. 1, April 2010.
8. Christian Feltes, Holger Wrede, Friedrich W. Koch andIstvn Erlich, and Istvan Erlich, Enhanced
Fault Ride Through Method for Wind Farms Connected to the Grid through VSC based HVDC
Transmission, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, Vol. 24, No. 3, Aug. 2009.
9. Hermann Koch and Deitmar Retzman, Connecting Large Off Shore Wind Farms to the Transmission
Network, 2010 T&D Conference, New Orleans.
10. Nikolas Flourentzou, Vassilios G. Agelidis and Georgios D. Cementriades, VSC based HVDC
Power Transmission Systems: An Overview, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol. 24, No.
3, March 2009.
21