Slides For Chapter 4: Interprocess Communication: Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design

Slides for Chapter 4:
Interprocess Communication
From Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair
Distributed Systems:
Concepts and Design
Edition 5, Addison-Wesley 2012
Figure 4.1
Middleware layers
InstructorsGuideforCoulouris,Dollimore,KindbergandBlair,DistributedSystems:ConceptsandDesignEdn.5
PearsonEducation2012
Figure 4.2
Sockets and ports
any port
socket
agreed port
socket
message
client
server
other ports
Internet address = 138.37.94.248
Internet address = 138.37.88.249
Figure 4.3
UDP client sends a message to the server and gets a reply
importjava.net.*;
importjava.io.*;
publicclassUDPClient{
publicstaticvoidmain(Stringargs[]){
//argsgivemessagecontentsandserverhostname
DatagramSocketaSocket=null;
try{
aSocket=newDatagramSocket();
byte[]m=args[0].getBytes();
InetAddressaHost=InetAddress.getByName(args[1]);
intserverPort=6789;
DatagramPacketrequest=newDatagramPacket(m,m.length(),aHost,serverPort);
aSocket.send(request);
byte[]buffer=newbyte[1000];
DatagramPacketreply=newDatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length);
aSocket.receive(reply);
System.out.println("Reply:"+newString(reply.getData()));
}catch(SocketExceptione){System.out.println("Socket:"+e.getMessage());
}catch(IOExceptione){System.out.println("IO:"+e.getMessage());}
}finally{if(aSocket!=null)aSocket.close();}
}
}
Figure 4.4
UDP server repeatedly receives a request and sends it back to the client
importjava.net.*;
importjava.io.*;
publicclassUDPServer{
DatagramSocketaSocket=null;
try{
aSocket=newDatagramSocket(6789);
while(true){
DatagramPacketrequest=newDatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length);
aSocket.receive(request);
DatagramPacketreply=newDatagramPacket(request.getData(),
request.getLength(),request.getAddress(),request.getPort());
aSocket.send(reply);
}
}finally{if(aSocket!=null)aSocket.close();}
}
}
Figure 4.5
TCP client makes connection to server, sends request and receives reply
importjava.net.*;
importjava.io.*;
publicclassTCPClient{
//argumentssupplymessageandhostnameofdestination
Sockets=null;
try{
intserverPort=7896;
s=newSocket(args[1],serverPort);
DataInputStreamin=newDataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
DataOutputStreamout=
newDataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
out.writeUTF(args[0]);
//UTFisastringencodingseeSn4.3
Stringdata=in.readUTF();
System.out.println("Received:"+data);
}catch(UnknownHostExceptione){
System.out.println("Sock:"+e.getMessage());
}catch(EOFExceptione){System.out.println("EOF:"+e.getMessage());
}finally{if(s!=null)try{s.close();}catch(IOExceptione){System.out.println("close:"+e.getMessage());}}
}
}
Figure 4.6
TCP server makes a connection for each client and then echoes the clients request
importjava.net.*;
importjava.io.*;
publicclassTCPServer{
try{
intserverPort=7896;
ServerSocketlistenSocket=newServerSocket(serverPort);
while(true){
SocketclientSocket=listenSocket.accept();
Connectionc=newConnection(clientSocket);
}
}catch(IOExceptione){System.out.println("Listen:"+e.getMessage());}
}
}
//thisfigurecontinuesonthenextslide
Figure 4.6 continued

classConnectionextendsThread{
DataInputStreamin;
DataOutputStreamout;
SocketclientSocket;
publicConnection(SocketaClientSocket){
try{
clientSocket=aClientSocket;
in=newDataInputStream(clientSocket.getInputStream());
out=newDataOutputStream(clientSocket.getOutputStream());
this.start();
}catch(IOExceptione){System.out.println("Connection:"+e.getMessage());}
}
publicvoidrun(){
try{
//anechoserver
Stringdata=in.readUTF();
out.writeUTF(data);
}catch(EOFExceptione){System.out.println("EOF:"+e.getMessage());
}finally{try{clientSocket.close();}catch(IOExceptione){/*closefailed*/}}
}
}
Figure 4.7
CORBA CDR for constructed types
Type
sequence
string
array
struct
enumerated
union
Representation
length(unsignedlong)followedbyelementsinorder
length(unsignedlong)followedbycharactersinorder(canalso
canhavewidecharacters)
arrayelementsinorder(nolengthspecifiedbecauseitisfixed)
intheorderofdeclarationofthecomponents
unsignedlong(thevaluesarespecifiedbytheorderdeclared)
typetagfollowedbytheselectedmember
Figure 4.8
CORBA CDR message
indexin
sequenceofbytes
03
47
811
1215
1619
2023
2427
4bytes
5
"Smit"
"h___"
6
"Lond"
"on__"
1984
notes
onrepresentation
lengthofstring
Smith
lengthofstring
London
unsignedlong
The flattened form represents a Person struct with value: {Smith, London, 1984}
Figure 4.9
Indication of Java serialized form
Explanation
Serializedvalues
Person
8byteversionnumber
h0
classname,versionnumber
intyear
java.lang.String java.lang.String number,typeandnameof

name:
place:
instancevariables
1984
5Smith
6London
h1
valuesofinstancevariables
The true serialized form contains additional type markers; h0 and h1 are handles
Figure 4.10 XML definition of the Person structure
<personid="123456789">
<name>Smith</name>
<place>London</place>
<year>1984</year>
<!acomment>
</person>
Figure 4.11 Illustration of the use of a namespace in the Person structure
<personpers:id="123456789"xmlns:pers="http://www.cdk5.net/person">
<pers:name>Smith</pers:name>
<pers:place>London</pers:place>
<pers:year>1984</pers:year>
</person>
Figure 4.12 An XML schema for the Person structure
<xsd:schemaxmlns:xsd=URLofXMLschemadefinitions
>
<xsd:elementname="person"type="personType"/>
<xsd:complexTypename="personType">
<xsd:sequence>
<xsd:elementname="name"type="xs:string"
<xsd:elementname="place"type="xs:string"
<xsd:elementname="year"type="xs:positive
</xsd:sequence>
<xsd:attributename="id"type="xs:positiveInteger
</xsd:complexType>
</xsd:schema>
Figure 4.13
Representation of a remote object reference
32bits
32bits
Internetaddress
portnumber
32bits
time
32bits
objectnumber
interfaceof
remoteobject
Figure 4.14
Multicast peer joins a group and sends and receives datagrams
importjava.net.*;
importjava.io.*;
publicclassMulticastPeer{
//argsgivemessagecontents&destinationmulticastgroup(e.g."228.5.6.7")
MulticastSockets=null;
try{
InetAddressgroup=InetAddress.getByName(args[1]);
s=newMulticastSocket(6789);
s.joinGroup(group);
byte[]m=args[0].getBytes();
DatagramPacketmessageOut=
newDatagramPacket(m,m.length,group,6789);
s.send(messageOut);
//thisfigurecontinuedonthenextslide
Figure 4.14
continued
}
}
//getmessagesfromothersingroup
for(inti=0;i<3;i++){
DatagramPacketmessageIn=
newDatagramPacket(buffer,buffer.length);
s.receive(messageIn);
System.out.println("Received:"+newString(messageIn.getData()));
s.leaveGroup(group);
}finally{if(s!=null)s.close();}
Figure 4.15
Types of overlay
tablecontinuesonthenextslide
1
8
Figure 4.15 (continued)

Types of overlay
1
9
Figure 4.16
Skype overlay architecture
2
0
Figure 4.17
An overview of point-to-point communication in MPI
2
1
Figure 4.18
Selected send operations in MPI
2
2

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Slides For Chapter 4: Interprocess Communication: Distributed Systems: Concepts and Design

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Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Slides for Chapter 4:

From Coulouris, Dollimore, Kindberg and Blair

Internet address = 138.37.94.248

Internet address = 138.37.88.249

Figure 4.6 continued

java.lang.String java.lang.String number,typeandnameof

Figure 4.10 XML definition of the Person structure

Figure 4.11 Illustration of the use of a namespace in the Person structure

Figure 4.12 An XML schema for the Person structure

Figure 4.15 (continued)

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