Descriptive Design

Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

The subtopics of Chapter III in

descriptive design are as follows:
1.Research Design
2. Determination of Sample Size
3. Sampling Design and Technique
4. The Subjects
5. The Research Instrument
6. Validation of the Research
Instrument
7. Data Gathering Procedure
8. Data Processing Method

1. Research Design
Nine Types of Descriptive Design
1. Descriptive-survey
2. Descriptive-normative
3. Descriptive-status
4. Descriptive-analysis
5. Descriptive-classification
6. Descriptive-evaluative
7. Descriptive-comparative
8. Correctional Survey
9. Longitudinal Survey

2. Determination of Sample Size

Formula to determine the sample
size
NV + [ (Se)2 (1-p) ]
SS =
NSe = [ V2 p (1-p) ]
SS stands for sample size
Sample Given:
N total number of population
N = 900
V - standard value of (2.58)
V = 2.58
Se sampling error (0.01)
Se = 0.01
p Largest possible proportion (0.50)
p = 0.50

3. Sampling Design and

Technique
Two kinds of Sampling Design
1. Scientific Sampling
Six types of Scientific Sampling
Restricted Random
Sampling
Unrestricted Random
sampling
Stratified Random Sampling
Systematic Sampling
Multi-stage Sampling

4. The Subjects
The researcher has to explain how
and where the subjects are taken.
The frequency, and percentage of
the subjects must be presented.

5. Research Instrument
The research instrument is either
questionnaire,

test,

interview,

checklist, observation schedule or

rating scale must be described on
how it is designed by the researcher.
Each part of the research instrument
is explicitly stated.

6. Validation of the Research

Instrument
Suggestions,

corrections,

and

refinement of the draft must be

explained thoroughly. The different
individuals

involved

in

the

corrections and refinement of the

research

instrument

must

be

(continuation)

For validity, experts in line of the

field of the study must be requested
to go over the instrument. Each item
in the instrument is numbered 3, 2,
and 1 which means 3, retain; 2,
needs improvement; and 1 delete.

7. Data Gathering Process

Having found the research instrument
valid

and

reliable,

the

researcher

proceeds to ask permission and approval

from the head of agency where the
subjects are employed. Once permitted,
the researcher administers the research
instrument of the subjects of the study.
The date of the administration of the

7. Data Gathering Method

After

the

retrieval

questionnaires,

the

of

the

researcher

tabulates and processes the data

either

manually

Quantitative

or

and

by

machine.

qualitative

data

processing must be determined to

arrive

at

precise

analysis

and

(continuation)

Data matrix based on dummy tables

must

be

used

to

organized,

summarize, and analyze the data on

how the variables differ with each
other.

8. Statistical Treatment
The statistical tools used to answer
the research questions of the study
must be described and the formula
must be presented and explained.
The level of significance, either 1
percent or 5 percent, must be stated
to determine the significance of the

Experimental Design
Chapter III

MATERIALS AND
METHOD

The subtopics of Chapter III in

experimental design are as
follows:
1.Research Method
2. Materials
3. Equipment/Apparatus and
Utensils
4. Procedure
5. Training of the Panelists
6. Evaluation of the Products
7. Statistical Treatment

1. Research Method
Nine Types of Experimental
Method/Design
1. Single Group Design
2. Two-group Design
3. Two-pair Group Design
4. Parallel-group Design
5. Pretest-posttest Design
6. Counterbalanced/Latin Square
Design
7. Complete Randomized Design

2. Materials
The

materials

include

the

ingredients and its formulations. The

ingredients must be quantified.

3. Equipment and Utensils

The

researcher

states

the

equipment and utensils used in the

preparation of the study. Equipment
must be presented first and followed
by utensils. If there are apparatus,
i.e.,

salinometer,

thermometer,

pH

meter,

refractometer,

and

4. Procedures
The

researcher

comprehensively

the

explains
process

in

preparing the product. If there are two or

more variables, coded number, i.e., Lot
101 or coded letter, f.i. Lot A, is assigned
per

Lot.

The

variables

emphasized

whether

experimental

group.

must
control

Flow

sheet

be
or
in

5. Training the Panelists

The panelists must be trained first
before they are going to evaluate the
products to determine the validity
and reliability of their evaluation. It is
expected that evaluation of trained
panelists is consistent, thus, it is
valid and reliable.

There are five taste test methods in

training the panelists and these are
follows:
1. Single Stimulus
2. Paired Comparison
3. Duo-trio Method
4. Triangle method
5. Multiple Comparison

6. Evaluation of the Products

After training the panelists, the
products must be evaluated by the
identified trained panelists. If there
are 10 panelists as trained, hence,
they

are

products.

going

to

evaluate

the

7. Statistical Treatment
The researcher must diagnose the
most

appropriate

used

for

statistical

experimental

tools

design

to

answer the specific questions and

accept/reject

the

presented in chapter 1.

hypotheses