LANDMINE DETECTION USING

GROUND PENETRATING RADAR

DEVENDER GOUD KALALI

11071A1023

Contents:
> Introduction
> Block diagram
> Implementation
> Applications
> Advantages
> Limitations
> Future scope
> Conclusion

Introduction
>

Around every 22 minutes one person some where in the world

is killed or injured by a land mine.
> Nearly 50 million unexploded land mines in 60 countries
around the world.
> Large portions of land go unused due to fear of mines.
> Modern mines can be constructed with plastics and composites.

LANDMINE

A landmine placed in some remote

location

A landmines placed in some remote location

Technology used to Detect the

landmines:
> Metal detectors
> Nuclear magnetic resonance
> Biological sensors
> Chemical sensors

Biological sensor

Metal detectors

METHODS OF TECHNOLOGY

Block Diagram

Hardware description
> Impulse generator(GPR)
> Antenna system
> Pulse extender
> A/D converter
> Processor
> Visual display

Ground Penetrating Radar:

> The impulse GPR system has been developed in the
International Research Centre for Telecommunications
Transmission and Radar(IRCTR).
> This ultra wide band radar provide centimetere resolution
to locate even small targets.
> Two distinct types of GPR Time domain, Frequency
domain.
> Time domain or Impulse GPR transmits discrete pulses
of nano sec duration and digitize the return at GHZ sample
rate.
> Frequency domain GPR system transmit single frequency
& amplitude &phase of the return signal is measured.

Antenna System:
> The GPR system performance strongly depends on the
antenna system.
> The antenna system consist of transmitter and receiver
> The transmit antenna should :
> Radiate Ultra-Wideband
> Radiate Electro-magnetic energy

Pulse extender:
> It will amplify the ground reflection signal upto the
maximum level acquired A/D converter.
> It amplify the samples of

digital signals which are

converted from analog signal.

A/D Converter:
> The transmitter sends out a series of EM pulses then
listens with the receiver connected to high speed samples which
in-turn feeds to A/D converter.
> This information is converted from nano sec to milli sec.
> It provides 12 bit accuracy and 66dB linear dynamic range.

Processor:
> The processor filters the signals.
> This signals shows presence or absence of surrogate
mine in the soil.

> Processor selects the mine detecting signal and passes to the vis
display.

Visual display:
> It helps to see the range of targets.
> It displays the position of land mine .

Implementation:

> The impulse generator produces 0.8ns monocycle pulse.

> The generator spectrum covers a wide frequency band
from 500MHZ on 3dB level.
> After striking the mine, pulses return and are received by
the receiver antenna.

Applications
GPR has many applications in number of fields:
> In case of Earth science it is used to study bedrocks ,soils , ground
water and ice.
> Engineering applications include non-destructive testing of structures
and pavements, locating buried structures and studying of soils.
> GPR is used to define landfills contaminant plums and other
remediation sites.
> Military uses include detection of mines ,unexploded ordnance and
tunnels.

Advantages:
> GPR has accurate measurements.
> GPR locates even a small targets.
> It has been well founded by the defense.
> GPR operates by detecting the dielectric soils when
allows it to locate even no metallic mines.
> GPR has been tested in different environmental
conditions.

Limitations:
> GPR consumes more power.
> Thus false alarms are easily generated from the
background itself.
> The sensors such as GPR are larger and heavier.

References

[1] D.J.DanielsEd.,(2004)GroundPenetrating
Radar2ndEdition,IEEERadar,Sonarand
Navigationseries15,InstitutionofElectrical
Engineers,London,UK.
[2] C.S.BristowandH.M.Jol,Ed.,(2003)
GroundPenetratingRadarinSediments,Geological
Society,SpecialPublication211,GeologicalSociety.

THANK YOU