Medical Terminology

Liliana Sugiharto

LS-FKUAJ-2009

Learning Objectives

Mengerti struktur medical

terminology
Mengetahui prefix, root, dan suffix
yang sering ditemui
Dapat memahami istilah yg ditemui
di jurnal

LS-FKUAJ-2009

Teaching-learning Process
Student-centered
Lecture only for clarification
Self-directed learning and group learning
Reference:
- Belajar istilah Kedokteran by Liliana
Sugiharto.
Atma Jaya Press 2006
Contact number: liliana682000 @yahoo.com
hp : 0816 860 680
081908129055
LS-FKUAJ-2009

Background

Most medical terms are derived from

Latin or Greek
Integrated curriculum and student
centered
Medical terms are better understood
when you divide them into their
component parts.
LS-FKUAJ-2009

Word Parts

Word Parts

Prefix

Word

Suffix

Root

Word Parts
Word roots or combining forms.

BASIC MEANING of the term.

Usually indicate body part involved.

Cardi = heart

Prefixes usually indicate location, time,

number or status.
Comes at BEGINING of word.
Pericardium = around the heart

Suffixes usually indicate the procedure,

condition, symptoms, disorder, or disease.
Comes at END of word.
Carditis= inflamtion of the heart

Word Parts
Word roots in their combining
form have a /vowel
Cardi/o
Neur/o
Gastr/o

A combining vowel may be

needed to make the medical
term easier to pronounce

 The letter O is the most

commonly used combining
vowel.
The letter I is also used
occasionally

Rules for Using Combining

Vowels
A combining vowel, if used, is
added to the end of the word
root.
A combing vowel is not used if
the suffix begins with a vowel.
Neur/o + itis = neuritis.
Neur (nerve) = itis
(inflammation).

Rules for Using Combining

Vowels
A combining vowel is used when
the suffix begins with a
consonant
Neur/o = plasty = neuroplasty
Neur/o = nerve
Plasty = surgical repair

Rules for Using Combining

Vowels
A combining vowel is always
used when 2 or more word roots
are joined.
Gastr/o (stomach) + enter/o
(small intestine).
= Gastroenteritis.

Combining Form

Aden/o
Cardi/o
Dermat/o
Enter/o
gastr/o
Hemat/o =
Nephr/o
Neur/o =
Pulmon/o

= gland
= heart
= skin
= small intestines
= stomach
blood
= kidney
nerve
= lungs

Prefixes

Prefixes
A prefix is added at the beginning
to change the meaning of the term.
They usually indicate location, time
or number.
Natal means pertaining to(al) + birth
(nat).
Prenatal means time & events before
birth.
Perinatal means time and events just
before, during, & after birth.
Postnatal means time & event after
birth.

Common Prefixes
Number prefixes
Bi = 2
Di = 2
Hemi = half
Mono = 1
Multi = many
Nulli = none
Poly = many
Quad = 4
Semi = partial or half
Tri = 3
Uni = 1

Contrasting Prefixes
Hyper vs

hypo

Tachy vs

brady

Uni
Inter

vs
vs

multi
intra

-plegia
Paralysis
Hemiplegia
Paralysis of half of the body

Paraplegia
Paralysis along side
Impairment or loss of movement in the
lower part of the body primarily the
legs

Quadriplegia
Paralysis of four
Paralysis of all four extremities

Suffixes
Suffix added to end of
word.
Usually indicates
- procedure,
- condition,
- disorder, or
- disease.

Suffixes
Tonsill/o means tonsils. A
suffix completes the word
and tells what is happening
to the tonsils.
Tonsillitis.
tonsill (tonsil) + itis
(inflammation).
Tonsillectomy (tonsil) +
(surgical removal).

Suffixes
Some suffixes change the word
root into an adjective.
Cardiac cardi/o (heart) + ac
(pertaining to).

Some suffixes change the word

root into a noun.
Cranium crani (skull) + um (noun
ending).

Suffixes Meaning Abnormal

Condition
-osis means an abnormal
condition or disease
Gastrosis means any disease of the
stomach

Suffixes Related to
Pathology

Suffixes Related to Pathology

Megaly means enlargement
Hepatomegaly
Necrosis means tissue death
Arterionecrosis
Sclerosis means abnormal
hardening
Arteriosclerosis
Stenosis means abnormal
narrowing

Suffixes Related to Procedures

-centesis surgical puncture

to remove fluid
Abdominocentesis
-ectomy surgical removal
Appendectomy

Systems in the human

body

The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The
The

skeletal system
muscular system
cardiovascular system
nervous system
digestive system
respiratory system
reproductive system
urinary system
endocrine system
ear, eye, nose, and mouth
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1. Cari dan tulis semua istilah yang

berhubungan dengan arah
Contoh: dorsal dan ventral
2. Cari prefix :
menunjukkan jumlah dan ukuran
menunjukkan cairan tubuh
Menunjukkan warna
3. Cari word root untuk :
tractus digestivus
tractus respiratorius
tractus genitourinarius
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